sQfeI kflm / prdf jo AuWT igaf
mOjUdf afriQk mMdvfVy dy lokF AuWpr asr
suKvMq huMdl
(shundal@sfu.ca)
 

(ies kflm ivwc Auh jfxkfrI dyx dI koisLsL kIqI jFdI hY, ijhVI muwK Dfrf dy mIzIey ivwc nhIN imldI jF hfsLIey AuWpr Dwk idwqI jFdI hY. )

ies smyN smuwcI dunIaF afriQk mMdvfVy dI lpyt ivwc afeI hoeI hY. nqIjy vwjoN dunIaF Br ivwc kRoVF lokF dIaF ijLMdgIaF duwBr ho rhIaF hn aqy BivwK imwtI `c rul rhy hn. muwK Dfrf dy mIzIey ivwc bysLwk gfhy bgfhy PYktrIaF bMd hox aqy vwK vwK dysLF ivwc byrujLgfrI dIaF drF vDx afid dIaF KbrF afAuNdIaF rihMdIaF hn, pr ikAuNik ieh sfrIaF KbrF sfnUM CotIaF CotIaF tukVIaF ivwc pRfpq huMdIaF hn, ies leI sfzy leI mOjUdf afriQk mMdvfVy kfrn afm lokF AuWqy pY rhy asrF dI smuwcI smJ bxfAuxf musLikl hY. ies lyK ivwc asIN ies mMdvfVy kfrn dunIaF Br ivwc afm lokF dIaF ijLMdgIaF AuWpr pY rhy asrF nUUM irkfrz krn dI koisLsL krFgy qF ik asIN smJ skIey ik ies smyN kRoVF lokF nUM iks qrHF dI siQqIaF ivwc dI gujLrnf pY irhf hY. ies dy nfl hI asIN afm lokF vloN ies mMdvfVy ivruwD kIqI jf rhI jwdojihd bfry vI gwl krFgy. ies lyK ivwc vrqI jfxkfrI ipCly iqMn-cfr mhIinaF dOrfn sMsfr pRYs dy vwK vwK sRoqF ivwc CpIaF irportF afid ivwcoN leI geI hY.

byrujLgfrI:
ies mMdvfVy kfrn PYktrIaF, plFtF aqy kMm dIaF hor QFvF dy bMd hox kfrn dunIaF Br ivwc kRoVF lokF nUM afpxIaF nOkrIaF qoN hwQ Doxy pY rhy hn. 28 meI 2009 nUM ieMtrnYsLnl lybr afrgynfeIjysLn vloN jfrI kIqI iek pRYs rIlIjL ivwc aMdfjLf lfieaf igaf hY ik sMn 2009 ivwc dunIaF Br ivwc byrujLgfrF dI igxqI 21 qoN 24 kRoV dy ivckfr ho jfvygI. ies rIlIjL anusfr sMn 2007 (jdoN ieh afriQk sMkt sLurU hoieaf sI) qoN lY ky 2009 qwk dunIaF Br ivwc byrujLgfr lokF dI igxqI ivwc 3 kRoV 90 lwK qoN lY ky 5 kRoV 90 lwK dy ivckfr vfDf hox dI sMBfvnf hY.
5 jUn 2009 nUM amrIkf dy izpfrtmYNt afP lybr dy ibEro afP lybr stYitsks vloN jfrI kIqI geI iek irport anusfr meI 2009 ivwc amrIkf ivwc byrujLgfrI dI dr 9[4 PIsdI aqy byrujLgfrF dI igxqI 1 kRoV 45 lwK ho geI hY. dsMbr 2007 ivwc mMdvfVy dy sLurU hox qoN lY ky hux qwk amrIkf ivwc 70 lwK lokF nUM afpxIaF nOkrIaF qoN hwQ Doxy pey hn. iek hor irport anusfr amrIkf dI mOjUdf byrujLgfrI dI dr ipCly 26 sflF dIaF byrujLgfrI dIaF drF nfloN sB qoN vwD hY. byrujLgfrI dI ieh dr aqy byrujLgfrF dI ieh igxqI srkfrI aMkiVaF AuWqy afDfirq hY. kuJ lokF df kihxf hY ik ieh dr aqy igxqI byrujLgfrI dI asl dr aqy igxqI nfloN ikqy Gwt hY. AuhnF anusfr amrIkf ivwc ies smyN byrujLgfrI dI dr 15 PIsdI dy nyVy aqy byrujLgfrF dI igxqI 3 kRoV dy lgBg hY. afriQk mfhrF aunsfr afAux vfly smyN ivwc amrIkf dy byrujLgfrF dI igxqI ivwc hor vfDf hox dI sMBfvnf hY.
stYitstks knyzf vloN 5 jUn 2009 nUM jfrI kIqI pRYs rIlIjL anusfr knyzf ivwc byrujLgfrI dI dr 8[4 PIsdI qwk phuMc geI hY. byrujLgfrI dI ieh dr ipCly 11 sflF dOrfn byrujLgfrI dIaF drF nfloN sB qoN ijLafdf hY. akqUbr 2008 qoN lY ky hux qwk knyzf ivwc Puwl tfiem kMm krn vfly 4 lwK 6 hjLfr lokF nUM afpxIaF nOkrIaF qoN hwQ Doxy pey hn.
bI bI sI inAUjL dy vYWbsfeIt AuWpr 2 jUn 2009 nUM CpI iek irport muqfbk XUro jLOn dy 16 dysLF (ijhnF dysLF ivwc XUro krMsI vjoN vriqaf jFdf hY) ivwc apRYl 2009 ivwc byrujLgfrI dI dr 9[2 PIsdI ho geI sI. ieh dr 1999 qoN lY ky hux qwk sB qoN ijLafdf hY. smuwcI XUrpIn XUnIan ivwc apRYl 2009 ivwc byrujLgfrI dI dr 8[6 PIsdI sI. ies irport muqfbk apRYl 2009 ivwc smuwcI XUrpIn XUnIan ivwc 2 kRoV 8 lwK lok byrujLgfr sn. XUrp dy dysLF ivwcoN sB qoN ijLafdf byrujLgfrI spyn ivwc sI, ijwQy apRYl 2009 ivwc 18[1 PIsdI lok byrujLgfr sn. mfhrF anusfr sfl 2009 ivwc XUrpIn XUnIan ivwc byrujLgfrI dI dr ivwc iksy iksm dI kmI hox dI sMBfvnf nhIN.
vwzI pwDr AuWqy PYl rhI ieh byrujLgfrI isrP pwCm dy ivksq dysLF qwk hI sImq nhIN sgoN sMsfr afriQkqf ivwc mhwqvpUrn qfkqF vjoN AuBr rhy dysLF (ijvyN cIn aqy Bfrq) ivwc vI vwzI igxqI lokF nUM byrujLgfrI df sfhmxf krnf pY irhf hY. ipCly kuJ mhIinaF dOrfn CpIaF keI irportF ivwc byrujLgfrI nUM cIn dI iek vwzI smwisaf dwisaf igaf hY. jnvrI 2009 ivwc CpI iek irport anusfr ivsLv dy ivwqI sMkt kfrn cIn ivwc 6 lwK 70 hjLfr CotIaF vwzIaF PYktrIaF bMd ho geIaF hn. nqIjy vjoN ipMzF qoN sLihrF ivwc kMm krn afey 2 kRoV dy lgBg lok byrujLgfr ho ky afpxy ipMzF nUM prq gey hn. ieh igxqI ipMzF ivwcoN sLihrF nUM kMm krn afey lokF dI kuwl igxqI df 15[3 PIsdI bxdI hY. ijhVy lok sLihrF ivwc rih gey hn, AuhnF nUM afpxI nOkrI rwKx leI qnKfhF ivwc vwzIaF ktOqIaF df sfhmxf krnf pY irhf hY. cIn ivwc byrujLgfrI nfl isrP ipMzF qoN sLihrF ivwc kMm krn afey lokF df hI vfh nhIN pY irhf sgoN XUnIvirstIaF/kfljF ivwcoN pfs ho ky inkl rhy vwzI igxqI nOjvfnF nUM vI ivsLvfs nhIN irhf ik AuhnF nUM nOkrI imlygI jF nhIN. cfeInIjL akYzmI afP sosLl sfieMsjL dI iek pRkfsLnf anusfr ipCly sfl XUnIvirstIaF ivwcoN pfs hoey 56 lwK ividafrQIaF ivwcoN 30 PIsdI (16[8 lwK) ividafrQIaF nUM agsq 2008 qwk nOkrIaF nhIN imlIaF sn. ies qrHF dI hflq ivwc XUnIvirstIaF ivwcoN pVHy ilKy keI ividafrQI GrF ivwc bwcy sMBflx vflIaF nYnIaF aqy GrylU nOkrF dIaF nOkrIaF leI arjLIaF kr rhy hn.
ihMdusqfn ivwc byrujLgfrI dy sMbMD ivwc ies afriQk mMdvfVy dy kI asr hn? afm pwDr AuWqy ieh pRBfv dyx dI koisLsL kIqI jf rhI hY ik ihMdusqfn ivwc ies mMdvfVy df koeI bhuq vwzf asr nhIN pY irhf. pr aslIaq ies qoN Ault hY. inrXfq nfl sMMbMDq snaqF - (ijvyN hIiraF aqy gihixaF dI snaq, kwpVf AudXog, kfrpYWt dI snaq, afeI tI sYktr, aqy tUirjLm) - ivwc lwKF kfmy byrujLgfr ho rhy hn. ies sMbMD ivwc kuJ AudfhrnF ies pRkfr hn.
gujrfq dy sLihr sUrq dI hIiraF dI snaq bfry CpIaF vwK vwK irportF anusfr dunIaF dy kuwl hIiraF ivwcoN 80 PIsdI hIry sUrq ivwc pfilsL kIqy jFdy hn aqy ies sLihr ivwc 7 lwK dy krIb lok hIiraF dI snaq ivwc kMm krdy sn. pr afriQk mMdvfVy kfrn amrIkf aqy XUrp dy hor dysLF ivwc hIiraF dI mMg Gtx kfrn 2008 dy aKIr ivwc sUrq dI hIiraF dI snaq ivwc kMm krn vfly iehnF kfimaF ivwcoN 2 qoN 2[5 lwK (29 qoN 35 PIsdI) kfmy byrujLgfr ho gey hn. ies byrujLgfrI kfrn pYdf hoeIaF siQqIaF df sfhmxf nf kr skx dy nqIjy vjoN iehnF byrujLgfr kfimaF ivwcoN 41 kfimaF ny KudksLIaF kr leIaF hn.
XUnfieitz nysLnjL dy izvYlmYNt pRogrfm vloN 2008 dy aKIr ivwc CpI irport ‘globl PfeInYNisLal krfeIissL: ieMpYkt afn ieMizafjL pUar’ ivwc Cpy iek lyK anusfr inrXfq leI kwpVf iqafr krn vflIaF PYktrIaF vloN iqafr kIqy jFdy kwpiVaF dI mMg Gtx kfrn sMn 2008 dy ipCly 5-6 mhIinaF dOrfn bMglOr dy nyVy dy ielfikaF ivwc kwpVHf PYktrIaF ivwc kMm krn vfly 7 lwK kfimaF nUM afpxIaF nOkrIaF qoN hwQ Doxy pey sn. ies lyK ivwc aMdfjLf lfieaf igaf sI ik mfrc 2009 qwk iehnF PYktrIaF ivwcoN 5 lwK lok hor byrujLgfr ho jfxgy.
ies hI lyK anusfr ihMdusqfn qoN 35 arb rupey dy hwQF nfl iqafr kIqy glIcy vwK vwK dysLF nUM inrXfq kIqy jFdy hn aqy ies snaq ivwc 20 lwK dy lgBg kfrIgr kMm krdy hn. lyK ivwc afl ieMizaf kfrpYWt mYnUPYkcrrjL aYsosIeysLn dy hvfly nfl dwisaf igaf hY ik afriQk mMdvfVy kfrn 3 arb rupey dy afrzr kYNisl kr idwqy gey hn. ijs dy nqIjy vjoN AuWqr pRdysL dy imrjLfpur ijLlHy dy ielfky ivwc ies snaq ivwc kMm krdy hjLfrF hI kfrIgr ivhly ho gey hn.
XUnfeItz nysLnjL kfnPrMs afn tryz aYNz izvYlpmYNt vloN 13 jUn 2009 nUM jfrI kIqI iek irport ivwc ihMdusqfn dy smuwcy inrXfqI Kyqr dy sMbMD ivwc aMkVy idwqy gey hn. ies irport anusfr sMn 2008-09 ivwc smuwcy inrXfq dy Kyqr ivwc 11[ 6 lwK lokF dIaF nOkrIaF KuwsIaF sn aqy sfl 2009-10 ivwc 13 lwK lokF dIaF nOkrIaF Kuwsx dI sMBfvnf hY.
snaq dy iehnF KyqrF qoN ielfvf ihMdusqfn dIaF ijhnF snaqF AuWpr ies mMdvfVy df asr pY irhf hY Aus ivwc sLfml kuwJ snaqF hn: afeI tI sYktr, rItyl sYktr, tUirjLm, grynfeIt aqy ston ieMzstrI afid. aKbfrF ivwc CpIaF vwK vwK irportF anusfr afeI tI sYktr ivwc 50 -70 hjLfr dI igxqI ivwc nOkrIaF Kqm hox df KdsLf hY. ieMjnIairMg kfljF ivwcoN iswiKaf pRfpq kr ky inkl rhy ividafrQIaF leI nOkrIaF lwBx dy mOky Gwt rhy hn. XUnfeIitz nysLnjL izvYlpmYNt pRogrfm vloN iqafr kIqI irport (ijs df ijLkr pihlF af cuwkf hY) anusfr ihMdusqfn ivwc inklx vfly grynfeIt dI sB qoN vwzI mfrkIt amrIkf hY. pr amrIkf dI kMnstrksLn ieMzstrI ivwc afey mMdvfVy kfrn grynfeIt dI mMg bhuq Gwt geI hY. hOsUr, bMglOr aqy hYdrfvfd dy ielfikaF ivwc grynfeIt iqafr krn vfly 300 XUint bMd hox iknfry hn. qfiml nfzU ivwc pwQr putfeI vflIaF 165 QFvF ivwcoN 30 bMd ho geIaF hn. ies sB kuJ dy nqIjy vjoN ies snaq ivwc kMm krdy lwKF lokF df rujLgfr dfa AuWqy lwgf hoieaf hY. ies hI irport ivwc dwisaf igaf hY ik ivwqI sMkt kfrn ihMdusqfn ivwc GtI GrylU mMg kfrn rItyl sYktr (pRcUn vsqF vycx vflf sYktr) dI ivkrI ivwc sMn 2008 ivwc 11 PIsdI dI kmI afeI hY aqy agly 12-18 mhIinaF dOrfn hor ivkrI Gtx dy aMdfjLy hn. iek jfxI pCfxI suBIksLf rItyl cyn dy bMd hox aqy irlfieMs irtyl storF vloN keI drjn storF nUM bMd kIqy jfx dIaF KbrF hn. rItyl sYktr ivwc ies qrHF dI siQqI kfrn keI lokF dIaF nOkrIaF KuwsIaF hn aqy ijhVy lok ies Kyqr ivwc ajy vI kMm kr rhy hn AuhnF dIaF qnKfhF ivwc ktOqIaF ho rhIaF hn. Audfhrn leI guVgfAuN, bMglOr aqy hYdrfvfd dy ielfikaF ivwc dukfnF ivwc shfiekF df kMm krn vfilaF, isikAurtI gfrzF, lozrF, pYkrF, zrfeIvrF, hfAUskIipMg krmcfrIaF afid dIaF qnKfhF ivwc ktOqIaF df ruJfn dyKx nMU iml irhf hY.
aPrIkf dy bhuq sfry dysLF ivwc vI lwKF lokF nUM nOkrIaF qoN jvfb iml rhy hn. afriQk pwKoN aPrIkf dy sB qoN vwzy dysL sfAUQ aPrIkf ivwc ies afriQk sMkt kfrn 2[5 lwK nOkrIaF dy Kqm hox dIaF KbrF hn. ies sMkt kfrn kobflt, qFby vrgy Kixj pdfrQF dIaF kImqF izgx kfrn zYmokrYitk irpblk afP kFgo ivwc nvMbr 2008 qwk Kixj pdfrQF nUM pRosYWs krn vflIaF 40 PrmF dy bMd hox kfrn 2 lwK kfmy byrujLgfr ho gey sn. dsMbr 2008 ivwc CpI iek irport ivwc KdsLf jLfhr kIqf igaf sI ik Aus sfl dy aMq qwk ies sMkt kfrn byrujLgfr hox vfly lokF dI igxqI 3 lwK qwk phuMc jfvygI. nvMbr 2008 aqy mfrc 2009 ivckfr jFbIaF dIaF KfxF ivwc kMm krn vfly 10000 kfimaF dI CuwtI kr idwqI geI sI. ies qrHF dIaF KbrF botsvfnf qoN vI af rhIaF hn. botsvfnf qoN inrXfq kIqIaF jFdIaF kuwl vsqF df 70 PIsdI ihwsf AuWQoN inrXfq kIqy jfx vfly hIry hn. pr sMsfr mMzI ivwc hIiraF dI mMg Gtx kfrn botsvfnf ivwc hIiraF dIaF KfxF bMd ho rhIaF hn aqy nqIjy vjoN hjLfrF lok byrujLgfr ho rhy hn. nFbIaF ivwc vI KfxF bMd ho rhIaF hn aqy lok byrjLgfr ho rhy hn.
sMsfr dy kuJ iek dysLF ivwco ley ieh aMkVy bhuq spsLtqf nfl dsdy hn ik mOjUdf afriQk mMdvfVf dunIaF Br ivwc vwzI pwDr AuWqy byrujLgfrI PYlf irhf hY. dwuKdfeI gwl ieh hY ik ies siQqI ivwc CyqI kIiqaF suDfr hox dI sMBfvnf nhIN. XUnfieitz nysLnjL vloN “vrlz ieknfimk iscueysLn aYNz pRfspYkts 2009” ivwc ipCly mMdvfiVaF nUM afDfr bxf ky ikhf igaf hY ik mMdvfiVaF bfad rujLgfr sMbMDI siQqI nUM mMdvfVy qoN pihlF vflI siQqI ivwc afAux leI afm qOr AuWqy 4-5 sfl lwg jFdy hn. ies leI ikhf jf skdf hY ik dunIaF Br dy mjLdUrF nUM sLfied agly 5-6 sfl ies qrHF dI byrujLgfrI df sMqfp Bogxf pvy.

aMqrrfsLtrI pRvfs
awj dunIaF dy bhuq sfry ihwisaF qoN lok rujLgfr kmfAux leI dUsry dysLF ivwc jFdy hn. pr mOjUdf afriQk mMdvfVy dI mfr hyT afey bhuqy dysL dUjy dysLF ivwcoN afAux vfly mjLdUrF dI igxqI AuWqy keI qrHF dIaF bMdsLF lf rhy hn. XUnfieitz nysLnjL dI jnyvf siQwq sMsQf ieMtrnYsLnl afrgynfeIjysLn Pfr mfeIgrysLn (afeI E aYWm) vloN apRYl 2009 ivwc jfrI kIqI iek irport dwisaf igaf hY ik mlysLIaf dI srkfr ny apRYl ivwc 55,000 bMglfdysLI kfimaF dy vIjLy rwd kr idwqy hn. zubeI vloN hr rojL 1500 vIjLy rwd kIqy jfx dIaF KbrF hn. brqfnIaf, astRylIaf, amrIkf, spyn afid dysLF ny vI bfhroN afAux vfly mjLdUrF AuWqy keI qrHF dIaF pfbMdIaF lfeIaF hn.
ivdysLI mjLdUrF AuWqy lwg rhIaF pfbMdIaF kfrn bMglfdysL, iPlpIn, mOrOko aqy sRI lMkf vrgy dysLF qoN bfhr jf ky rojLI kmfAuxf musLikl ho irhf hY. nqIjy vwjoN iehnF dysLF dy bfhr kMm krdy mjLdUrF vloN afpxy dysLF nUM ByjI jf rhI rkm ivwc kmI ho rhI hY ijs kfrn iehnF dysLF dI afriQkqf AuWpr vwzy asr pY rhy hn. bI bI sI dy vYWbsfeIt AuWpr 10 apRYl 2009 ivwc CpI iek Kbr anusfr 60 lwK qoN vwD bMglfdysLI bfhrly dysLF ivwc kMm krdy hn aqy ipCly sfl AuhnF ny 9 arb zflr afpxy dysL nUM Byijaf sI. hux jdoN iehnF kfimaF AuWpr bfhr jfx dIaF pfbMdIaF lwg rhIaF hn qF iehnF kfimaF dI kmfeI kfrn bMglfdysL nUM imlx vflI ivdysLI krMsI dI kmI ho rhI hY ijs df bMglfdysL dI afriQkqf ivwc iek vwzf ihwsf hY. vIjLy rwd hox kfrn bfhroN vfps prq rhy bMglfdysLI mjLdUrF nUM ivakqIgq pwDr AuWpr vI keI musIbqF df sfhmxf krnf pY irhf hY. iehnF ivwcoN bhuqy vwzIaF rkmF dy ky bfhr jfx leI vIjLy hfsl krdy hn aqy jdoN AuhnF nUM vfps Byj idwqf jFdf hY qF Auh iek vwzy krjLy dy boJ hyTF dwby jFdy hn ijs nUM cukfAux df AuhnF kol koeI rsqf nhIN huMdf.
afeI aYWm E dI irport ivwc inpfl dy sMbMD ivwc ikhf igaf hY ik ies afriQk mMdvfVy kfrn bfhr jf ky kmfeI krn vfly inpflI lokF vloN inpfl nUM ByjI jfx vflI rkm ivwc 30 PIsdI dI kmI hovygI. bfhroN afAux vflI kmfeI ivwc ies qrHF dI ktOqI hox kfrn inpfl dy pyNzU ielfikaF ivwc rihMdy hjLfrF lokF dy jIvn AuWqy gMBIr mfVy asr pYx dI sMBfvnf hY.

grIbI
XUnfeIitz nysLn vloN iqafr kIqI irport vrlz iekfnimk istUeysLn aYNNz pRfspYkt 2009 ivwc aMdfjLf lfieaf igaf hY ik ies afrQik mMdvfVy kfrn dunIaF Br ivwc 7[3 kRoV qoN lY ky 10[3 kRoV dy ivckfr lok grIbI dy Gyry ivwc Dwky jfxgy. iehnF ivwcoN bhuqy lok (5[6 kRoV qoN lY ky 8[0 kRoV ivckfr) pUrbI aqy dwKxI eysLIaf ivwcoN hoxgy ijhnF ivwcoN awDy ihMdusqfn ivwc hoxgy. ies sMkt kfrn aPrIkf ivwc 1[2 kRoV qoN 1[6 kRoV ivckfr aqy lfqInI amrIkf aqy kYrIbIan dy Kyqr ivwc 40 lwK dy krIb lok grIbI ivwc rihxgy. ieh aMkVy dyx qoN bfad irport ivwc ikhf igaf hY ik ieh aMdfjLy Gtf ky lgfey gey hn ikAuNik ies afriQk sMkt kfrn pYdf hox vflI grIbI dy hr pihlU df ihsfb nhIN lfieaf igaf.

ishq
ies sMkt bfry CpIaF vwK vwK irportF ivwc dwisaf igaf hY ies sMkt kfrn dunIaF dy lwKF lokF dI ishq AuWpr mfVy asr pYxgy. sB qoN pihlF qF ies sMkt kfrn pYdf hox vflI byrujLgfrI aqy afmdn dy hor mOikaF ivwc afAux vflI kmI kfrn lwKF lok dvf dfrU lYx aqy afpxf ielfj krvfAux dy smrwQ nhIN rihxgy. irport ivwc ipCly smyN ivwc afey afriQk sMktF dy qjrby nUM afDfr bxf ky ikhf igaf hY ik aijhy simaF ivwc vwzI igxqI ivwc lok afpxI ishq nUM surwiKaq bxfeI rwKx leI kIqy jFdy KricaF ivwc ktOqIaF kr idMdy hn. ies dy nfl hI ies sMkt kfrn bhuq sfry dysLF dIaF krMsIaF dI kImq izwg peygI ijs dy nqIjy vjoN zfkrtI ielfj mihMgf ho jfvygf.
dUsry pfsy ies afriQk sMkt kfrn bhuq dysLF dIaF srkfrF aqy hor adfry afpxy ishq bwjtF ivwc ktOqIaF krn leI mjbUr ho rhy hn aqy srkfr qoN lokF nUM imlx vflIaF ishq syvfvF ivwc kmI af rhI hY. Audfhrn leI qnjLfnIaf dI srkfr ny afpxy aYWc afeI vI/eyzjL dy bwjt ivwc 25 PIsdI ktOqI krn df aYlfn kIqf hY. sfAUQ aPrIkf dI srkfr anusfr keI pRfeIvyt adfiraF (ijvyN mfeIinMg kMpnIaF) vloN aYWc afeI vI dI rokQfm leI clfey jFdy afpxy pRogrfmF dy bwjtF ivwc ktOqIaF krn dI sMBfvnf hY. ies qrHF iehnF dysLF ivwc hjLfrF lokF dIaF ijLMdgIaF Kqry ivwc pY jfxgIaF.
ishq dy Kyqr ivwc pYdf ho rhIaF siQqIaF df bwicaF aqy aOrqF dI ishq AuWpr hor BYVf asr pvygf. vrlz bYNk dy aMkiVaf anusfr dunIaF Br ivwc bwicaF dIaF hox vflIaF mOqF ivwc ies sMkt kfrn 2 lwK qoN 4 lwK dy ivckfr df sflfnf vfDf hovygf. ies dy nfl hI pUrI Kurfk nf imlx kfrn dunIaF ivwc kRoVF bwicaF df shI idmfgI ivkfs nhIN ho skygf.

hor smwisafvF
ies afriQk sMkt kfrnf lokF dIaF ijLMdgIaF AuWpr pYx vfly hor asrF ivwc sLfml hn: pRfiemrI ividaf pRfpqI ivwc kmI, bfl mjLdUrI ivwc vfDf aqy byGrfpx. Audfhrx leI amrIkf dy 25 vwzy sLihrF dy myarF dI hoeI iek kfnPrMs ivwc ieh gwl sfhmxy afeI hY ik AuhnF dy sLihrF ivwc 2007 dy mukfbly 2008 ivwc byGiraF dI igxqI ivwc 12 PIsdI df vfDf hoieaf hY. jUn dy sLurU ivwc ieMtrnYsLnl lybr afrgynfeIjysLn vloN jfrI kIqI geI irport ivwc KdsLf jLfhr kIqf igaf hY ik mOjUdf afriQk sMkt kfrn bfl mjLdUrF, Kfs krky mjLdUrI krn vflIaF CotIaF bwcIaF, dI igxqI ivwc vfDf hovygf.

jwdojihd aqy aMiqkf:
Auprokq gwlbfq qoN sfP jLfhr hY ik mOjUdf afriQk sMkt dunIaF dy kroVF lokF leI musIbqF df kfrn bixaf hoieaf hY. bysLwk ies sMkt nUM pYdf krn ivwc afm lokF df koeI ksUr nhIN iPr vI AuhnF nUM ies sMkt kfrn pYdf hoeI byrujLgfrI, BuwKmrI, grIbI, byGrypx afid smwisafvF df sfhmxf krnf pY irhf hY. (ies sMkt dy asl kfrnF bfry jfxn leI qusIN vqn df ipClf aMk http://www.watanpunjabi.ca/march2009/ qy dyK skdy ho.) ies sMkt nfl inptx leI srkfrF vloN puwty jf rhy bhuqy kdmF ivwc bYNkF aqy ibjLins adfiraF dI mdd leI qF Xqn kIqy jf rhy hn pr afm lokF dI rfhq leI koeI bhuq kuJ nhIN kIqf jf irhf hY. aijhf ies krky ho irhf hY ikAuNik srkfrF ies sMkt nfl inptx leI pRogrfm AulIkx smyN afm lokF aqy mjLdUrF dI koeI slfh nhIN lY rhIaF. ies dy Ault Auh vwzy vwzy bYNkrF aqy srmfeydfrF dI slfh lY rhIaF hn. afm lokF nfl ies qoN vwzf mKOl kI ho skdf hY ik ijhnF lokF ny ies sMkt nUM pYdf kIqf hY, AuhnF qoN hI ies sMkt nUM hwl krn leI slfhF leIaF jf rhIaF hn aqy ijhVy lok ies sMkt qoN pIVq hn, AuhnF nUM iek pfsy rwiKaf jf irhf hY. ies qoN vI agFh pIVq lokF nUM ies sMkt leI kImq cukfAux leI ikhf jf irhf hY.
ies leI jLrUrI ho jFdf hY ik afm lok aqy mjLdUr ies sMkt dy asl kfrnF nUM smJx aqy dunIaF Br ivwc AuhnF lokF aqy Aus afriQk pRbMD ivruwD jwdojihd krn jo ies sMkt leI ijLMmyvfr hY. bhuq sfry lokF vloN ieh jwdojihd kIqI jf rhI hY. ies sMbMD ivwc kuJ ku AudfhrnF ies pRkfr hn:
* 23 jUn nUM bulgfrIaf dy sLihr soPIaf ivKy 2-3 hjLfr lok pRDfn mMqrI dy dPqr sfhmxy ros pRgt krn leI iekwqr hoey. AuhnF dy hwQF ivwc PVy bYnrF AuWqy iliKaf hoieaf sI ik “asIN hux grIbI aqy jLlflq sihx nhIN krFgy.”

* 14 meI nUM PrFs dy vwK vwK sLihrF ivwc afriQk mMdvfVy nfl sMbMDq srkfr dIaF pflsIaF ivruwD ros pRgt krn leI 10 lwK dy krIb (kuwJ aMdfijLaf muqfbk 30 lwK dy krIb) lok iekwqr hoey. mujLfhrfkfrI cMgIaF qnKfhF, nOkrIaF dI surwiKaf aqy amIrF AuWqy ijLafdf tYks lfAux dI mMg kr rhy sn. AuhnF df dfavf sI ik “ieh sMkt ilafAux ivwc mjLdUrF df ksUr nhIN” . lokF dI rfie lYx leI kIqy polF anusfr ros mujLfhrf kr rhy iehnF lokF nUM PrFs dI kuwl vsoN dy 75 PIsdI lokF dI ihmfieq pRfpq sI.

* 1 meI nUM mjLdUr idvs dy idhfVy AuWqy XUrp dy vwK vwK dysLF ivwc lwKF lokF ny ies afriQk mMdvfVy dy ivroD ivwc mIitMgF, rYlIaF aqy mujLfhry afXoijq kIqy. PrFs dI tryz XUnIan sI jI tI anusfr ies idn smuwcy PrFs ivwc ros pRgt krn leI 283 smfgm hoey aqy ijhnF ivwc 12 lwK dy krIb lokF ny Bfg ilaf. PrFs dIaF 2 vzIaF tryz XUnIanF - sI jI tI, sI aYWP zI tI - qoN ibnF hor XUnIanF, KwbIaF pfrtIaF, arfjkqfvfdIaF, mnuwKI aiDkfr sMsQFvF ny iehnF ros smfgmF df pRbMD kIqf. jrmnI ivwc briln ivKy 20,000 dy krIb lokF ny ivwqI sMkt dy BYVy asrF ivruwD rwKI iek rYlI ivwc Bfg ilaf. ies qoN ibnF grIs aqy qurkI ivwc vI lokF ny mOjUdf afriQk sMkt dy ivroD ivwc mujfhry kIqy.

* sinwcrvfr 4 apRYl 2009 nUM lwKF lok ietlI dy sLihr rom ivKy afriQk mMdvfVy dy ivroD ivwc iekwqr hoey. ies smyN ietlI sB dI qoN vwzI XUnIan ny mMg kIqI ik ies afriQk mMdvfVy nfl inptx dy ZMg lwBx leI pRDfn mMqrI mjLdUrF nfl gwlbfq kry.

* mfrc dy aKIrly hPqy XUrp dy keI sLihrF ivwc lokF ny hjLfrF dI igxqI ivwc iekwqr ho ky ies afriQk mMdvfVy df ivroD kIqf. lMzn ivKy afXoijq “puwt pIpljL Pst (lokF nUM pihl idAu)” nfmI mfrc ivwc 35000 lok sLfml hoey. ies mfrc ivwc sLfml lokF dy hwQF ivwc cuwky keI bYnrF AuWqy iliKaf hoieaf sI: “kYptiljLm iejLnt vrikMg - srmfeydfrI ivwc nuks hY” aqy “jObjL nft vfr - jMg nhIN nOkrIaF”, “jsits Pfr dI vrlz pUar - dunIaF dy grIbF leI iensfP”. briln ivwc 15000 lokF ny afriQk mMdvfVy ivruwD ros pRdrsLn kIqf. ies pRdrsLn ivwc sLfml kuJ bYnrF AuWqy iliKaf hoieaf sI. “vueI voNt pya Pfr XUar krfieisL - asIN quhfzy sMkt dI kImq nhIN cukfvFgy”. ies hI idn PrYNkPrt ivKy ivwqI sMkt df ivroD krn leI 10000 aqy astrIaF dy sLihr ivafnf ivwc 6500 lok sLfml hoey. ivafnf ivwc mujLfhrfkfrIaF vloN cuwky bYnrF AuWqy iliKaf hoieaf sI: “kYptiljLm ikljL - srmfeydfrI Gfqk hY” aqy “myk dI irc pya - amIrF qoN kImq lvo”. 19 mfrc nUM PrFs dy vwK vwK sLihrF ivwc 1 lwK dy krIb lokF ny ies afriQk sMkt kfrn lokF AuWpr pY rhy asrF dy ivroD ivwc pRdrsLn kIqy. pYirs ivwc hoey mujLfhiraF ivwc keI bYnrF AuWqy iliKaf hoieaf sI, “vueI ivl nft pya Pfr idar krfieisws - AuhnF dy sMkt leI asIN kImq nhIN qfrFgy”.

* 23 PrvrI 2009 afierlYNz dy sLihr zbiln ivKy 1 lwK 20 hjLfr dy krIb lokF ny afriQk mMdvfVy nfl sMbMDq srkfr dIaF nIqIaF ivruwD ivKfvf kIqf. ieh ros mujLfhrf afiersL kFgrs afP tryz XUnIan vloN afXoijq kIqf igaf sI.

* arjntInf ivwc sMkt kfrn bMd hox jf rhIaF 10 PYktrIaF AuWqy mjLdUrF ny sMn 2008 dy aKIr AuWqy kbjLf kr ilaf sI aqy ieh kbjLf hux qwk jfrI hY.
ies qrHF dunIaF ivwc bhuq sfry lok ieh smJ rhy hn ik ieh sMkt afm lokF vloN pYdf kIqf hoieaf nhIN aqy Auh ies sMkt leI kImq cukfAux leI iqafr nhIN. Auh smJdy hn ik ieh smF ies sMkt kfrn afm lokF dy jIvn AuWpr pYNdy mfVy asrF nUM AudfsIn bx ky sihx df smF nhIN sgoN ieh sMkt pYdf krn vfly lokF aqy pRbMD ivruwD jwdojihd krn df smF hY. bysLwk iehnF ivwcoN sfry nhIN pr kfPI igxqI lok ieh vI smJdy hn ik ies sMkt dI jVH srmfeydfrI hY aqy Aus dy Kfqmy leI jwdojihd jLrUrI hY. afs hY ik afAux vfly smyN ivwc ieh jwdojihd hor iqwKI aqy mjLbUq hovygI. 
__________________________
jfxkfrI dy sRoq:

ies lyK ivwc vrqI jfxkfrI hyT ilKy sRoqF qoN leI geI hY:

13 lakh job losses likely in export units: UNCTAD, The Hindu,
http://www.thehindu.com/2009/06/13/stories/2009061356551500.htm
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Bangladesh migrant workers suffer by Mark Dummett, BBC News, 10 April 2009, http://news.bbc.co.uk/go/pr/fr/-/2/hi/south_asia/7993337.stm  downloaded 10 June, 2009.
‘Blue-eyed bankers’ prompt G20 divide, The Observer, 29 March 2009: http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2009/mar/29/g20-summit-globalisation
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China warns of unemployment risk, Tim Bowler, BBC News, 27 February, 2009: http://news.bbc.co.uk/go/pr/fr/-/2/hi/business/7915372.stm, downloaded June 2, 2009.
Dublin hit by mass protest over economic crisis, by Honor Mahony, Feb. 23, 2009: http://euobserver.com/9/27658  downloaded June 22, 2009.
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Financial crisis and global health, by Richard Newfarmer, 19 January 2009: http://www.who.int/mediacentre/events/meetings/ financial_crisis_newfarmer_20090119/en/print.html  downloaded May 12, 2009.
French unions claim 3m on street, BBC News, 19 March 2009, http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/7951949.stm
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G20 demonstrators march in London, BBC, 28 March 2009, http://news.bbc.co.uk/go/pr/fr/-/2/hi/uk_news/7968721.stm  downloaded May 5, 2009.
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Global financial crisis wrecks India’s diamond industry, The Telegraph UK, 9 March 2009: http://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/financetopics / financialcrisis/ 4781041/Global-financial-crisis-wrecks-Indias-diamond-industry.html  downloaded May 18, 2009.
Homeless struggle in Atlantic City, BBC News, 20 April, 2009: http://news.bbc.co.uk/go/pr/fr/-/2/hi/business/8009024.stm  downloaded April 22, 2009.
Ilo says job losses are increasing due to economic crisis, 28 May 2009
http://www.ilocarib.org.tt/portal/index.php? option=com_content&task=view&id=1272&Itemid=368
India’s Diamond market loses sparkle, BBC News, 22 April 2009: http://news.bbc.co.uk/go/pr/fr/-/2/hi/south_asia/8008864.stm  downloaded May 12, 2009.
India’s IT students feel the heat, by Swaminathan Natarajan, BBC News, 27 April 2009: http://news.bbc.co.uk/go/pr/fr/ -/2/hi/business/8010502.stm
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May Day protests intensify in Europe, May 2, 2009: http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/2f852eec-363d-11de-af40-00144feabdc0.html  downloaded June 24, 2009.
Migration: Financial Crisis Eroding Remittance Lifeline, by Thalif Deen, April 17, 2009: http://www.globalissues.org/news/2009/04/17/1246  downloaded June 19/2009.
Protests against economic crisis sweep France, May 15, 2009:  http://www.webinfrance.com/protests-against-economic -crisis-sweep-france-333.html 
Regentine Factory in the hands of the workers: Fasinpat a step closer to permanent worker control, by Marie Trigona, May 27, 2009 : http://upsidedownworld.org/main/content/view/1875/1/
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Thousands protest over economic crisis in Bulgaria, Reuters, June 17, 2009: http://www.ekathimerini.com/4dcgi/ _w_articles_world_2_17/06/2009_108123
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by David Rosnick: http://monthlyreview.org/mrzine/rosnick050609.html
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http://www.statcan.gc.ca/subjects-sujets/labour-travail/lfs-epa/lfs-epa-eng.pdf)
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