(ies kflm ivwc Auh jfxkfrI dyx dI
koisLsL kIqI jFdI hY, ijhVI muwK Dfrf dy mIzIey ivwc nhIN imldI jF hfsLIey
AuWpr Dwk idwqI jFdI hY.)
prmfxU AUrjf nfl ibjlI pYdf krn (awgy
prmfxU ibjlI) dI sLurUafq 1950ivaF ivwc hoeI sI. 27 jUn 1954 nUM sfbkf
sovIaq XUnIan ivwc bixaf EbinMsk inAUklIar pfvr plFt dunIaf ivwc prmfxU
ibjlI pYdf krn vflf pihlf plFt mMinaf jFdf hY. vpfrk pwDr AuWqy prmfxU
ibjlI pYdf krn vflf pihlf plFt ieMglYNz ivwc 1956 ivwc cflU hoieaf aqy
amrIkf ivwc dsMbr 1957 ivwc.(1) sLurU dy kuJ dhfikaF dOrfn prmfxU ibjlI dy
Auqpfdn ivwc qyjLI nfl vfDf hoieaf pr bfad ivwc ies dy vfDy dI rPqfr DImI
ho geI. ies rPqfr dy DImI hox dy kfrnF ivwcoN kuwJ muwK kfrn sn: prmfxU
ibjlI dy plFtf dy inrmfx AuWpr afAux vflI vwzI lfgq, cldy plFtF ivwc iksy
gMBIr durGtnf ho jfx kfrn vwzI pwDr AuWqy ryzIEaYkitv smwgrI dy lIk ho jfx
df Kqrf, cldy plFtF ivwc inmn pwDr AuWqy ryzIEaYkitv smwgrI lIk hox kfrn
plFtF dy nyVly ielfikaF ivwc rihMdy lokF dI ishq AuWqy pYx vfly mfVy asrF
df Kqrf aqy plFtF dy cwlx nfl pYdf hox vflI aiq dI Kqrnfk ryzIEaYkitv
rihMd-KuhMd (vyst) nUM sFBx leI iksy pfeydfr ZMg dI axhoNd. sMn 1978 ivwc
amrIkf ivwc QrI mfeIl afielYNz aqy sMn 1986 ivwc sfbkf sovIaq XUnIan ivwc
cYrnoibl ivKy siQq plFtF ivwc hoeIaF durGtnfvF kfrn prmfxU ibjlI pYdf krn
dy AudXog nUM vwzf Dwkf lwgf. agly do ZfeI dhfikaF dOrfn amrIkf ivwc
prmfxU ibjlI pYdf krn vflf koeI nvF plFt cflU nf hoieaf aqy keI dysLF ny
prmfxU ibjlI pYdf krn dy afpxy pRojYktF nUM rwd kr idwqf. Audfhrn leI QrI
mfeIl afeIlYNz dI durGtnf qoN bfad, sMn 1980 ivwc iek rYPrYNzm qoN bfad
svIzn dI pfrlImYNt ny PYslf ilaf ik AuWQy prmfxU ibjlI pYdf krn vfly hor
plFt nhIN lfey jfxgy aqy 2010 qwk AuWQoN dy prmfxU ibjlI pYdf krn vfly
pRogrfm nUM bMd kr idwqf jfvygf.(2) ies hI qrHF cYrnoibl dI durGtnf qoN
bfad sMn 1987 ivwc ietlI ny prmfxU ibjlI pYdf krn bfry iek rYPrYNzm
krvfieaf aqy Aus dy nqIjy vwjoN sMn 1988 ivwc prmfxU ibjlI pYdf krn df
pRojYkt Twp kr idwqf.(3) jrmnI ivwc aYNtI inAUklIar lihr dy dbfa kfrn
1980ivaF dy awD qoN bfad prmfxU ibjlI pYdf krn dy psfr AuWqy rok lf idwqI
geI aqy Aus qoN bfad AuWQy koeI vI nvF plFt nhIN lwgf. sMn 2000 ivwc jrmnI
dI srkfr ny aYlfn kIqf ik jrmnI ivwc prmfxU ibjlI pYdf krnI bMd kr idwqI
jfvygI aqy dysL ivwc prmfxU ibjlI pYdf krn vfly 19 plFt hOlI hOlI bMd kr
idwqy jfxgy aqy prmfxU AUrjf dI isvl vrqoN 2020 qoN bfad bMd kr idwqI
jfvygI.(4) ies qrHF dy mfhOl dy nqIjy vwjoN vIhvIN sdI dy aKIrly do ZfeI
dhfikaF dOrfn prmfxU ibjlI pYdf krn df pRojYkt ibjlI pYdf krn df koeI vwzf
sRoq nf bx sikaf.
pr ipCly kuJ sflF dOrfn prmfxU ibjlI
pYdf krn dy pRogrfm ivwc iPr qyjLI afAuxI sLurU ho geI hY. sMn 2009 dy jUn
mhIny dy pihly hPqy prmfxU snaq dy kriqaF DriqaF ny amrIkf dI kFgrs nUM
dwisaf ik dunIaF Br ivwc ies smyN prmfxU ibjlI pYdf krn vfly ivAuNq aDIn
jF AusfrI aDIn plFtf dI igxqI 429 ho geI hY.(5) vrlz inAUklIar aYsosIeysLn
dI sqMbr 2009 ivwc jfrI hoeI iek irport anusfr ies smyN dunIaF Br ivwc
prmfxU ibjlI pYdf krn vfly 50 rIaYktr AusfrI aDIn hn, 130 jF ies qoN vwD
rIaYktr agly 10 sflF ivwc cflU ho jfxgy aqy Aus qoN bfad 200 hor rIaYktrF
dy inrmfx dI Xojnf hY.(6) iehnF rIaYktrF df inrmfx dunIaF dy ivksq dysLF
qwk sImq nhIN sgoN dunIaF dy ivkfssLIl aqy axivksq dysLF ivwc vI iehnF dy
inrmfx dI Xojnf hY. Audfhrn leI, cIn ny ipCly pMj sflF ivwc awT plFt jF qF
mukMml kr ley hn jF AuhnF dI AusfrI sLurU kIqI hY, aqy AuWQy sMn 2009 dy
aKIr qwk 22 hor rIaYktrF df inrmfx sLurU ho jfvygf. ihMdusqfn df 2020 qwk
prmfxU ibjlI pYdf krn vfly vIh qoN qIh nvyN plFt Ausfrn df insLfnf hY.
amrIkf ivwc 25 nvyN plFtF dy inrmfx dIaF XojnfvF hn. PrFs, rUs, iPnlYNz
aqy brqfnIaf ivwc prmfxU ibjlI pYdf krn dI afpxI afpxI smrwQf ivwc vfDf
krn dI XojnfvF hn. ietlI ny prmfxU ibjlI pYdf krn dy Twp kIqy gey afpxy
pRogrfmF nUM dubfrf sLurU krn df PYslf ilaf hY. ies hI qrHF svIzn ny
prmfxU ibjlI pYdf krn dy pRogrfm nUM Kqm krn dy PYsly nUM Kqm kr idwqf hY.
jfpfn aqy sfAUQ korIaf ivwc kRmvfr 15 aqy 12 nvyN rIaYktr bxfAux dI Xojnf
hY. ies hI qrHF bulgfrIaf, cYk irpbilk, rumfnIaf, slovInIaf, qurkI,
polYNz, aYsqonIaf, lfqIvf, pfiksqfn, bMglfdysL, XUnfietz arb aYmrIts,
jOrzn, vIaqnfm, ieMzonysLIaf, QfeIlYNz, iPlpIn, kjLfKisqfn, sfAUQ aPrIkf,
nfeIjIrIaf afid dysLF dIaF prmfxU ibjlI pYdf krn dI afpxI mOjUdf smrwQf
vDfAux jF ies Kyqr ivwc nvIN sLurUafq krn dIaF XojnfvF hn.(7) iehnF qwQF
dy afDfr AuWqy prmfxU ibjlI pYdf krn dy sMbMD ivwc pYdf hoey ies ruJfn nUM
prmfxU AUrjf nfl ibjlI pYdf krn dy pRojYkt dI muV surjIqI df nF idwqf igaf
hY.
ies muV surjIqI dy ieh muwK kfrn dwsy
jf rhy hn: prmfxU ibjlI pYdf krn nfl vfqfvrx dI qbdIlI ivwc rok lfAux ivwc
mdd imlygI, AUrjf dy sRoqF vjoN qyl, gYs aqy koly AuWpr inrBrqf GtyygI aqy
bhuqy dysLF dI afpxIaF afpxIaF AUrjf dIaF loVF dI pUrqI leI dUsry dysLF
AuWqy inrBrqf GtygI. ies lyK ivwc ieh dyiKaf jfvygf ik prmfxU ibjlI pYdf
krn dy sMbMD ivwc kIqy jf rhy ieh dfavy ikMny ku swcy hn. ies dy nfl nfl
AuhnF srokfrF AuWpr vI gOr kIqf jfvygf ijhnF krky pihly kuwJ dhfikaF qoN
bfad prmfxU ibjlI pYdf krn dy kfrj dI rPqfr DImI ho geI sI. iehnF srokfrF
ivwc sLfml hn: prmfxU AUrjf nfl ibjlI pYdf krn vfly plFtF AuWqy afAux vflI
vwzI lfgq, cwldy plFtF ivwc durGtnf hox kfrn ryzIEaYkitv smwgrI dy lIk hox
df Kqrf, prmfxU ibjlI plFtF nUM clfAux kfrn lIk huMdI inmn pwDr dI
ryzIEaYkitv smwgrI kfrn lokF dI ishq AuWqy pYx vfly asr aqy iehnF plFtF
nUM clfAux kfrn pYdf hox vflI aiq dI Kqrnfk ryzIEaYkitv rihMd-KUhMd
(vyst).
vfqfvrn dI qbdIlI ivwc rok
kI prmfxU ibjlI pYdf krn nfl vfqfvrx
ivwc af rhI qbdIlI nUM roikaf jf skygf? ies svfl dy juafb leI sB qoN pihlF
sfnUM ieh jfxnf pvygf ik vfqfvrx dI qbdIlI hY kI? vfqfvrn dI qbdIlI DrqI
dy vfqfvrn ivwc afeI Auh qbdIlI hY jo lMmy smyN qwk rihMdI hY. vfqfvrn dI
qbdIlI “globl vfrimMg” pYdf krdI hY Bfv DrqI dy vfqfvrn dy qfpmfn ivwc
vfDf krdI hY. globl vfrimMg dy keI kfrn hn pr ies smyN mnuwKF vloN afpxy
rihx-sihx leI bfly jf rhy qyl, kolf, gYsF afid nfl pYdf ho rhIaF grIn
hfAUs gYsF (kfrbn zfieaOksfeIz, imQyn afid) nUM globl vfrimMg df vwzf kfrn
mMinaf jf irhf hY. vfqfvrn ivwc iehnF gYsF dI vwD mfqrf nfl sUrj dI grmI
DrqI dy vfqfvrn ivwc af qF skdI hY pr bfhr nhIN inkl skdI. ijs dy nqIjy
vwjoN DrqI dy vfqfvrn dy qfpmfn ivwc vfDf ho irhf hY. qfpmfn ivwc ies vfDy
nfl DrqI AuWqy keI qrHF dIaF kudrqI afPqF (hVH, sokf, JwKV, smuMdrI pfxIaF
dy qfpmfn ivwc vfDy afid) dy vwD jfx dIaF aqy Aus dy nqIjy vjoN mnuwKI
jIvn AuWqy bhuq mfVy asr pYx dIaF sMBfvnfvF hn.
ies leI ieh bhuq jLrUrI hY ik vfqfvrx
ivwc ho rhI qbdIlI nU roikaf jfvy. prmfxU ibjlI pYdf krn dy ihmfieqIaF df
kihxf hY ik prmfxU ibjlI pYdf krn nfl vfqfvrn ivwc ho rhI qbdIlI AuWqy rok
lwg skdI hY ikAuNik prmfxU ibjlI pYdf krn vfly plFt vfqfvrx ivwc grIn
hfAUs gYsF nhIN Cwzdy. pr prmfxU AUrjf nfl ibjlI pYdf krn dy aflockF dI
dlIl hY ik ieh swc nhIN hY. afpxI dlIl dy pwK ivwc Auh keI AudfhrnF idMdy
hn.
inAU ieMtrnYsLnilst mYgjLIn dy sqMbr
2005 ivwc aYzm mfint dy Cpy iek afrtIkl ivwc ikhf igaf hY ik ieh swc hY ik
prmfxU ibjlI pYdf krn vfly plFt grIn hfAUs gYsF nhIN Cwzdy, pr jy asIN
prmfxU ibjlI pYdf krn dy smuwcy kfrj nUM iDafn ivwc rwKIey qF asIN dyKFgy
ik ies kfrj dOrfn vI vwzI mfqrf ivwc grIn hfAUs gYsF pYdf huMdIaF hn.
Audfhrx leI KfxF ivwcoN XUrynIam kwZx, ies XUrynIam nUM ienirc krn (prmfxU
ibjlI dy plFt ivwc bflxXog bxfAux) leI, XUrynIam dI dUnIaF dy vwK vwK
ihwisaF qwk Zoaf-ZuafeI, prmfxU plFtF dI AusfrI aqy zIkimsLinMg (afpxI
imafd pugfAux bfad prmfxU ibjlI dy plFtF nUM bMd krnf - ies bfry hor
ivsQfr awgy) aqy ies prmfxU plFtF qoN pYdf hox vflI ryzIEaYkitv
rihMd-KUhMd dI surwiKaq sMBfl, Zoaf-ZuafeI afid leI vwzI pwDr AuWqy qyl
aqy koly vrgy AUrjf sRoqF dI vrqoN krnI pYNdI hY ijs nfl grIn hfAUs gYsF
pYdf huMdIaF hn.(8)
ies sMbMD ivwc dUsrI dlIl ieh hY ik
vfqfvrx ivwc qbdIlI AuWqy rok lfAux leI jLrUrI hY ik aijhy hwl lwBy jfx
ijhnF dI vrqoN iek dm ho sky. pr prmfxU AUrjf nfl ibjlI pYdf krn vfly plFt
nUM ivAuNqx, Ausfrx aqy cflU krn leI 10 ku sfl dy krIb smF lwg jFdf hY.
ies leI prmfxU AUrjf nfl ibjlI pYdf krn dy pRojYkt rfhIN vfqfvrx dI qbdIlI
nUM rokx df hwl ies qbdIlI nUM rokx ivwc sLfied dyrI kr dyvy. ies dy nfl
hI vfqfvrn dI qbdIlI ivwc rok lfAux leI sfnUM dunIaF Br ivwc vwzI igxqI
ivwc prmfxU ibjlI pYdf krn vfly plFt lfAuxy pYxgy. inAU ieMtrnYsLnilst
mYgjLIn dy Auprokq aMk ivwc hI XUnfeItyz nysLnjL dI ieMtrgvrmYNtl pYnl aOn
klfeImyt cyNj df hvflf dy ky ikhf igaf hY ik dunIaF dI pwDr AuWqy CwzI jf
rhI kfrbnzfieaOksfeIz ivwc ijLkrXog kmI krn leI sfnUM sMn 2100 qwk 3000
nvyN prmfxU rIaYktr lfAuxy pYxgy. kI prmfxU ibjlI pYdf krn vflI snaq eynI
vwzI igxqI ivwc rIaYktrF df inrmfx kr skygI? keI ivdvfnF df dfavf hY ik
aijhf kr skxf bhuq musLikl hovygf.
jy asIN dunIaF dIaF ibjlI dIaF loVF
prmfxU ibjlI nfl pUrIaF krn ivwc kfmXfb vI ho jFdy hF qF ies df vfqfvrn dI
qbdIlI ivwc rok lfAux AuWqy ikwzf ku vwzf asr pvygf? ies smyN dunIaF Br
ivwc ibjlI dy Auqpfdn kfrn pYdf hox vflIaF grInhfAUs gYsF dI mfqrf dunIaF
Br ivwc pYdf hox vflIaF grInhfAUs gYsF dI mfqrf df isrP 16 PIsdI bxdI hY.
(9) ies leI jy asIN smuwcf ibjlI Auqpfdn prmfxU AUrjf nfl kr vI leIey qF
vI asIN dunIaF ivwc CwzIaF jf rhIaF 84 PIsdI grInhfAUs gYsF AuWqy koeI asr
nhIN pf skFgy.
kI prmfxU ibjlI nfl qyl, gYs aqy koly
AuWpr inrBrqf GtyygI?
awj mnuwK qyl, gYs aqy koly dI vrqo
isrP ibjlI Auqpfdn leI hI nhIN krdf sgoN keI qrHF dIaF vwK vwK AUrjf loVF
(ijvyN afvfjfeI, snaqI Auqpfdn, Kfxf ivwcoN Kixj pdfrQ kwZx, KyqIbfVI
afid) pUrIaF krn leI krdf hY. pr prmfxU AUrjf nfl ibjlI pYdf krn df
pRojYkt isrP ibjlI nfl sMbMDq hY. ies leI jy vwK vwK dysL afpxIaF ibjlI
dIaF loVF prmfxU ibjlI nfl pUrIaF kr vI lYx qF vI Auh afpxIaF dUsrIaF
AUrjf loVF leI qyl, gYs, koly afid AuWqy inrBr rihxgy. Audfhrn leI, kfrngI
ieMzfEmYNt Pfr ieMtrnYsLnl pIs dI sInIar aYsosIeyt sLYrn skuafsonI ny
akqUbr 2008 ivwc Cpy afpxy iek pypr ivwc dlIl idwqI hY ik amrIkf ivwc Kpq
huMdI kuwl AUrjf df 40 PIsdI ihwsf qyl qoN afAuNdf hY pr amrIkf ivwc vrqI
jfx vflI ibjlI df 1[6 PIsdI hI qyl dI vrqoN nfl pYdf kIqf jFdf hY.(10) ies
leI jy amrIkf ivwc vrqI jfx vflI sfrI ibjlI vI prmfxU AUrjf nfl pYdf kr
leI jfvy qF vI amrIkf dI qyl AuWqy inrBrqf nhIN GtygI. PrFs aqy jfpfn
afpxIaF ibjlI dIaF loVF dI pUrqI leI vwzI pwDr AuWqy prmfxU ibjlI dI vrqoN
krdy hn pr afpxIaF avfjfeI aqy snaqI loVF kfrn Auh qyl AuWqy afpxI inrBrqf
Gwt nhIN kr sky. Audfhrn leI sMn 2007 ivwc PrFs ivwc qyl dI rojLfnf Kpq
19[5 lwK bYrl sI.(11)
inrBrqf dy sMbMD ivwc prmfxU AUrjf dy
ihmfieqIaF vwloN iek gwl hor pRcfrI jf rhI hY ik prmfxU ibjlI dy Auqpfdn
nfl keI dysL ibjlI dy Auqpfdn dy Kyqr ivwc svY-inrBr hox vwl vDxgy. pr
prmfxU ibjlI dy aflockF df kihxf hY ik prmfxU ibjlI dI vrqoN iehnF dysLF
nUM iek nvyN ZMg nfl dUsry dysLF AuWqy inrBr bxf dyvygI. vrlz inAUklr
aYsosIeysLn dI iek qwQ sLIt anusfr dunIaf ivwc XUrynIam dy kuwl Auqpfdn df
60 PIsdI ihwsf iqMn dysLF - kYnyzf, astRylIaf aqy kjLfKsqfn- ivwc huMdf
hY. iehnF dysLF qoN bfad XUrynIam dy Auqpfdn ivwc mhwqvpUrn QF rwKx vfly
dysL hn: nFbIaf, rUs, nfiejr, AujLbyiksqfn aqy amrIkf. sMn 2008 ivwc
dunIaf ivwc XUrynIam dI kuwlH ivkrI df 80 PIsdI ihwsf 7 kfrporysLnF - irE
itMto, kYmko, arIvf, kYjLaYtmprOm, ey afr aYm jYWz, bI aYWc pI iblItn aqy
nYvOeI- vwloN vyicaf igaf.(12) iehnF qwQF dy afDfr AuWqy spsLt ikhf jf
skdf hY ik prmfxU ibjlI pYdf krn vfly dysL afpxy plFtF ivwc bfly jfx vfly
bflx (XUrynIam) leI kuwJ muwTI Br dysLF aqy kfrporysLnF AuWqy inrBr ho
jfxgy.
ies dy nfl hI prmfxU ibjlI dy plFtF df
inrmfx krn leI loVINdI qknOlOjI, jfc aqy smrwQf dunIaf ivwc isrP kuJ iek
vwzIaf kfrporysLnF dy kol hY. Audfhrn leI, prmfxU ibjlI dy plFtF ivwc lfeI
jfx vflI msLInrI ivwcoN 9 iksm dI msLInrI (ijvyN vwzy pRYsLr vYsl, stIm
jnrytr afid) isrP jfpfn dI kMpnI jfpfn stIl vrks vwloN hI bxfeI jFdI hY.
(13) ies qrHF dI siQqI ivwc prmfxU ibjlI pYdf krn dy plFt lfAux vfly dysLF
nUM iehnF plFtF dy inrmfx leI iehnF QoVHIaF ijhIaF kfrporysLnF AuWqy inrBr
hoxf pvygf.
prmfxU ibjlI dy plFtF dI AusfrI
AuWqy lfgq
bysLwk prmfxU ibjlI dy plFtF dI AusfrI
AuWqy afAux vflI lfgq bfry vwK vwK irportF ivwc vwK vwK aMkVy idwqy gey
hn, pr iehnF irportF ivwc iek gwl bfry pwkI sihmqI hY ik prmfxU plFtF dI
AusfrI bhuq mihMgI hY. vwK vwK irportF anusfr iek prmfxU plFt dI AusfrI
AuWqy 4-12 arb zflr dI lfgq afAuNdI hY. ieh aMkVy isrP Gwto Gwt rkm dy
aMdfjLy hI hn. sMBfvnfvF ieh hY ik BivwK ivwc Ausfry jfx vfly prmfxU ibjlI
dy plFtF AuWpr ies qoN vwD Krc afvygf ikAuNik prmfxU ibjlI dI snaq df
ipClf irkfrz ieh drsfAuNdf hY ik prmfxU ibjlI dy plFtF dI AusfrI AuWqy
hmysLF hI pihlF imwQI geI rkm nfloN vwD Krcf afieaf hY. jfpdf ieMj hY ik
ies irkfrz ivwc mOjUdf smyN ivwc vI koeI suDfr nhIN hoieaf. Audfhrn leI
PrFssI kMpnI arIvf vwloN iPnlYNz ivwc ies smyN Ausfiraf jf irhf prmfxU
plFt mukMml hox leI imwQy smyN qoN 2 sfl lyt hY aqy ies dy bwjt ivwc 2[1
arb zflr vwD lwgx dI sMBfvnf hY.(14)
iehnF plFtF AuWqy afAux vflI eynI lfgq
kfrn prmfxU ibjlI plFt Ausfrn vflIaF kMpnIaF srkfrI mdd qoN ibnF prmfxU
ibjlI Auqpfdn dy pRojYkt nUM hwQ pfAux leI iqafr nhIN. nqIjy vwjoN ivksq
dysLF dIaF srkfrF vwloN iehnF kMpnIaF nUM keI qrHF dI afriQk shfieqf idwqI
jf rhI hY. Audfhrn leI, sMn 2005 ivwc amrIkf dI srkfr ny afpxy aYnrjI
pflsI aYkt aDIn, prmfxU ibjlI plFtF dI AusfrI AuWqy afAux vflI lfgq dy 80
PIsdI qwk leI lon grMtIaF dyx df pRbMD kIqf hY. ies dy nfl hI ies aYkt
ivwc sMn 2008 qoN pihlF pihlF PYzrl srkfr qoN pRvfngI pRfpq krn vfly hr
iek prmfxU ibjlI plFt leI awT sflF leI 12[5 kroV zflr qwk dy tYks krYizt
dyx dI md rwKI geI hY.(15) lfs aYNjls tfeImjL Cpy iek sMpfdkI anusfr sMn
2006 ivwc amrIkf dI prmfxU snaq nUM tYks dyx vfilaF dy isr AuWqy idwqIaF
geIaF sbszIaF dI rkm 9 arb zflr qwk bxdI hY.(16) prmfxU ibjlI dy keI
aflockF df mwq hY ik prmfxU ibjlI pYdf krn df pRojYkt srkfrF vwloN ies
Kyqr ivwc kMm kr rhIaF vwzIaF kMpnIaF nUM pYsy dyx df iek bhfnf hY.
Audfhrn leI, lMzn qoN inkldy aKbfr gfrzIan ny prmfxU ibjlI pYdf krn dy
pRojYkt dy ieiqhfs AuWqy itwpxI kridaF iliKaf hY ik “ieh ieiqhfs tYks dyx
vfilaF vwloN vwzIaF prmfxU kMpnIaF nUM ngdI dyx df ieiqhfs hY.” (17)
AusfrI qoN ibnF prmfxU ibjlI plFtF nfl
sMbMDq iek hor vwzf Krcf hY “lfieibltI ieMsLorYNs” krvfAux df Krcf. cwldy
prmfxU ibjlI plFt ivwc iksy gMBIr aYksIzYNt hox kfrn Kqrnfk ryizEaYkitv
smwgrI dy lIk hox df Kqrf hmysLF bixaf rihMdf hY. ies qrHF dy aYksIzYNt
hox kfrn plFt dy afly duafly dy ielfikaF ivwc jfnI aqy mflI nuksfn hox
kfrn plFt dI mflk kMpnI nUM sYNkVy arbF zflrF df muafvjLf dyxf pY skdf hY.
eyny vwzy muafvjLy df Bugqfn krn Xog hox leI prmfxU ibjlI plFtF nUM
iesLorYNs krvfAux dI loV hY. pr muafvjLf dyx dI ies qrHF dI sMBfvnf kfrn
ies ieMsLorYNs krvfAux df Krcf bhuq vwzf hY. prmfxU ibjlI kMpnIaF qoN ies
Krcy df Bfr GtfAux leI srkfrF kfnUMn bxf rhIaF hn. Audfhrn leI, sMn 2005
ivwc amrIkf dI srkfr vloN pfs kIqy aYnrjI pOlsI aYkt anusfr prmfxU plFtF
ivwc durGtnf hox kfrn ibjlI pYdf krn vflIaF kMpnIaF AuWqy durGtnf kfrn
hoey nuksfn bdly muafvjLf idwqy jfx dI ijLMmyvfrI dI vwD qoN vwD hwd 10
arb zflr qwk sImq kr idwqI geI hY.(18) ies nfl prmfxU ibjlI kMpnIaF nUM qF
afpxI ijLMmyvfrI qoN rfhq imlygI pr prmfxU ibjlI plFt ivwc hoey iksy gMBIr
aYksIzYNt nfl pIVq lok afpxy nuksfn df pUrn muafvjLf lYx qoN vFJy rih
jfxgy.
prmfxU ibjlI plFtF dI lfgq ivwc prmfxU
ibjlI kMpnIaF dI srkfrF vwloN kIqI jFdI mdd leI Aupr idwqy aMkVy amrIkf
srkfr dIaF nIqIaF AuWqy afDfrq hn ijwQy prmfxU ibjlI Auqpfdn df kMm inwjI
kMpnIaF kr rhIaF hn. bhuqy ivkfssLIl dysLF ivwc prmfxU ibjlI dy pRojYkt df
smuwcf Krcf srkfrf vwloN cuwikaf jf irhf hY. iehnF dysLF dy nfgirkF nUM
cfhIdf hY ik Auh afpxIaF srkfrF qoN puwCx ik kI ibjlI Auqpfdn leI eynI
vwzI lfgq dy pRojYkt Ausfrnf afriQk qOr AuWqy shI hY jF srkfrF nUM prmfxU
ibjlI dI QF ibjlI Auqpfdn dy dUsry bdlvy ZMgF - ijvyN ivMz pfvr, solr pfvr
afid - nUM ivksq krn vwl iDafn dyxf cfhIdf hY.
prmfxU plFtF ivwc aYksIzYNt hox kfrn
ryzIEaYkitv smwgrI lIk hox df Kqrf:
prmfxU rIaYktr ivwc XUrynIam dy aYtmF
nUM qoV ky grmI pYdf kIqI jFdI hY aqy iPr ies grmI nfl pfxI nUM Aubfl ky
BfP pYdf kIqI jFdI hY aqy Aus BfP nfl ibjlI pYdf krn leI trbfeIn clfey
jFdy hn. XUrynIam dy aYtmF nUM qoVn dI pRikRaf iblkul Aus qrHF dI pRikRaf
hY ijhVI aYtm bMb ivwc vfprdI hY pr prmfxU ibjlI pYdf krn vfly plFt ivwc
ieh sB kuwJ bhuq kMtrol aDIn kIqf jFdf hY qF ik koeI Dmfkf nf vfpr jfvy.
ieh sfrf kfrj eynf guMJldfr hY ik hmysLF hI iksy durGtnf hox df aqy
ryzIEaYkitv smwgrI dy lIk hox df Kqrf bixaf rihMdf hY. ryzIEaYkitv smwgrI
nUM vfqfvrn ivwc lIk hox qoN rokx leI rIaYktr nUM kMkrIt dI iemfrq ivwc
rwiKaf jFdf hY. pr XUrynIam dy ipGlx nfl qfpmfn bhuq ijLafdf vwD skdf hY
aqy kMkrIt dIaF kMDF ivwc qRyVF af skdIaF hn aqy ryzIEaYkitv smwgrI
vfqfvrn ivwc lIk ho skdI hY. sMn 1986 ivwc sfbkf sovIaq XUnIan ivwc
cYrnoibl ivKy prmfxU ibjlI dy plFt ivwc kuwJ ies qrHF df hI vfpiraf sI.
nqIjy vwjoN hIrosLImf AuWqy suwty aYtm bMb nfloN 400 guxF ijLafdf mfqfrf
ivwc ryzIEaYkitv DUV vfqfvrn ivwc PYl geI sI. ieh DUV sfbkf sovIaq XUnIan
dy pwCmI ihwsy, pUrbI XUrp, pwCmI XUrp aqy AuWqrI XUrp dy iKwiqaF qwk
PYlI. Xukryn, bYlrUs aqy rUs dy vwzy ihwsy vwzI pwDr AuWqy ryzIEaYkitv
smwgrI nfl dUisLq hoey ijsdy nqIjy vwjoN 3 lwK 36 hjLfr lokF nUM AuhnF dy
GrF aqy ielfikaF qoN bfhr kwZxf ipaf. sMn 2005 ivwc ieMtrnYsLnl aYtoimk
aYnrjI eyjMsI aqy vrlz hYlQ afrgynfeIjysLn dI agvfeI hyT cYrnoibl Porm
vwloN iqafr kIqI geI iek irport anusfr ies aYksIzYNt ivwc 56 iswDIaF mOqF
hoeIaF. irport ivwc ieh vI aMdfjLf lfieaf igaf hY ik ies aYksIzYNt kfrn 6
lwK dy krIb lok bhuq ijLafdf ryzIEaYkitv smwgrI dI mfr hyT afey hn aqy
AuhnF ivwcoN 4000 lokF dI kYNsr kfrn mOq ho jfvygI.(19). ies aYksIzYNt
kfrn bYlrUs df 25 PIsdI ielfkf aqy 25 PIsdI vsoN pRBfivq hoeI. nqIjy vwjoN
bYlrUs ivwc awj vI pYdf hox vfly bwicaF ivwcoN ikMny hI keI qrHF dy idmfgI
aqy srIrkF apfhjqfvF nfl pYdf ho rhy hn.(20)
prmfxU ibjlI pYdf krn dy ihmfieqIaF df
dfavf hY ik ajoky prmfxU plFt purfxy plFtf nfloN vwD surwiKaq hn. Auh ieh
vI kihMdy hn ik ikAuNik cYrnoibl qoN bfad koeI vI vwzf prmfxU aYksIzYNt
nhIN hoieaf, ies leI prmfxU ibjlI pYdf krnf iek surwiKaq kfrj hY. pr
prmfxU ibjlI dy aflock ajoky smyN ivwc dunIaF Br ivwc prmfxU plFtF ivwc
hoey aYksIzYNtF dIaF AudfhrnF dy ky kihMdy hn ik iehnF ivwcoN keI
aYksIzYNt vwzy aYksIzYNt bx skdy sn. ies sMbMD ivwc kuJ AudfhrnF asIN
afpxy pfTkF nfl sFJIaF krdy hF:
* sMn 2002 ivwc amrIkf dI EhfieE styt
ivwc siQwq zyivs-bYsI plFt ivwc boirk eyisz ny rIaYktr dy vYsl dy 17
sYNtImItr moty isr ivwc 16[5 sYNtImItr df Cyk kr idwqf sI. amrIkf siQwq
inAUklIar ienPrmysLn aYNz rIsors srivs (aYWn afeI afr aYWs) aqy XUnIan afP
knsrnz sfieMitsts anusfr jy boirk eyisz bfkI dy awDy sYNtImItr ivwc vI Cyk
kr idMdf qF mYltzfAUn vfpr (XUrynIam ipGl) skdf sI.(21)
* sMn 2006 ivwc ieMglYNz ivwc kuMbrIaf
ivKy siQwq sYlfPIlz plFt nUM 20 lwK pONz df jurmfnf kIqf igaf ikAuNik ies
plFt ivwc iek pfty hoey pfeIp kfrn 80,000 tMn qyjLfb “sYkMzrI kntynmYNt”
ivwc lIk ho igaf sI. lIk hoey ies qyjLfb ivwc 20 tMn XUrynIam aqy 160
iklogRfm plftInm rilaf hoieaf sI aqy ieh qyjLfb lgfqfr 8 mhIinaF qoN lIk
huMdf af irhf sI.(22)
* ieMglYNz ivwc prmfxU snaq AuWqy ingHf
rwKx vflI sMsQF inAUklIar ienstflysLn ienspYktoryt dI iek aMdrUnI irport
anusfr XU[ ky[ dI prmfxU ibjlI dI snaq ivwc ipCly 7 sflF dOrfn ryzIE
aYkitv smwgrI lIk hox dIaF aqy hor CotIaF- vwzIaF 1767 GtnfvF vfprIaF hn.
iehnF ivwcoN pMj prmfxU durGtnfvF dy KqiraF dy mfp dI ieMtrnYsLnl
inAUklIar eIvYNt skyl muqfbk sB qoN vwD Kqry vflIaF durGtnfvF qoN iek
drjLf Gwt drjLy vflIaF sn jdoN ik 858 GtnfvF aijhIaF sn jo inAUklIar syPtI
isstm leI cuxOqI bx skdIaF sn.(23)
* jUn 2005 ivwc svIzn dy PorjLmfrk
inAUklIar pfvr plFt ivKy jMg lwgy zrwmF ivwc rwKI hoeI ryzIE aYkitv vyst
bflitk smuMdr ivwc lIk ho geI sI.(24)
* sMn 2007 ivwc BUcfl afAux nfl jfpfn
dy iek prmfxU ibjlI plFt ivwc nuks pYx kfrn ryzIEaYkitv smwgrI vfqfvrx aqy
smuMdr ivwc lIk ho geI aqy plFt nUM aximwQy smyN leI bMd krnf ipaf.(25)
* 1979 qoN lY ky 2007 qwk amrIkf ivwc
46 vfr prmfxU ibjlI dy plFt msLInrI dy KrfbI kfrn iek sfl jF vwD smyN leI
bMd krny pey.(26)
prmfxU plFtF ivwc durGtnfvF dIaF
AupRokq AudfhrnF bhuq spsLtqf nfl drsfAuNdIaF hn ik prmfxU ibjlI dy plFtF
ivwc iksy gMBIr durGtnf hox dIaF sMBfvnfvF awj vI mOjUd hn aqy prmfxU
AUrjf nfl ibjlI pYdf krnf gMBIr KqiraF qoN KflI nhIN. iewQy ieh gwl vI
iDafn ivwc rwKx vflI hY ik dunIaF Br ivwc prmfxU ibjlI dy plFtF bfry
jfxkfrI nUM bhuq hI gupq rwiKaf jFdf hY, ies leI iehnF plFtF ivwc vfprIaF
bhuq sfrIaF durGtnfvF bfry pqf nhIN lwgdf.
prmfxU ibjlI plFtF kfrn lokF df inmn
pwDr dI ryzIEaYkitv smwgrI nfl pYNdf vfh aqy ies nfl AuhnF dI ishq AuWqy
pYx vfly asr
prmfxU ibjlI plFt nfl sMbMDq kfrjF
dOrfn lokF df keI qrHF nfl inmn pwDr dI ryzIEaYkitv smwgrI nfl vfh pYNdf
hY ijs nfl AunHF dI ishq AuWpr keI qrHF dy mfVy asr pYNdy hn. prmfxU ibjlI
plFt nfl sMbMDq kfrjF ivwcoN kuwJ kfrj hn: KfxF ivwcoN XUrynIam dI kwcI
Dfq kwZxf, ies kwcI Dfq nUM prmfxU bflx df rUp dyx vflIaF PYktrIaF ivwc
iljfxf, iehnF PYktrIaF ivwcoN prmfxU bflx nUM prmfxU plFtF qwk iljfxf aqy
prmfxU plFt nUM clfAuxf. iehnF sfry kfrjF nfl sMbMDq lokF/kfimaF df inmn
pwDr dI ryzIEaYkitv smwgrI nfl vfh pYNdf hY jo AuhnF dI ishq AuWpr BYVy
asr pfAuNdI hY. Audfhrn leI, kfrporysLn vfc dy vYWbsfeIt AuWqy ihMdusqfn
dy JfrKMz dy ielfky ivwc XUrynIam dI KfxF bfry Cpy iek lyK anusfr XUrynIam
kfrporysLn afP ieMizaf ilmitz JfrKMz sUby ivwc isMGBUm ijly ivwc cfr
jLmIndoj (aMzrgrfAuNz) aqy iek KulHI Kfx aqy do pRosYisMg plFt clfAuNdI
hY. ies lyK ivwc sMn 2008 ivwc ieMtrnYsLnl iPjLIsLIanjL Pfr pRIvYnsLn afP
inAUklIar vfr dy ieMzIan cYptr vwloN kIqy iek aiDan dy hvfly nfl dwisaf
igaf hY ik iehnF ielfikaF ivwc XUrynIam dIaF KfxF dy nyVy rihx vfly lokF
dI sMqfn pYdf krn dI smrwQf Gwt rhI hY aqy ijhnF lokF dy bwcy pYdf huMdy
hn AuhnF ivwc jnm qoN hI keI qrHF dy nuks huMdy hn. ies dy nfl nfl iehnF
Kfxf dy nyVy rihx vfly lokF ivwc kYNsr dy kys ijLafdy pfey jf rhy hn. ies
aiDan anusfr KfxF dy nyVy rihMdy joiVaF ivwc dUsry joiVaF dy mukfbly sMqfn
AuqpqI dI smrwQf Kqm hox df 1[58 guxF vwD Kqrf hY. ies hI qrHF dUsrIaF
mfvF dy mukfbly Kfxf nyVy rih rhIaF mfvF dy jmFdrU nuksF vfly bwcy pYdf
hox df 1[84 guxF vwD Kwqrf hY. ies aiDan ivwc ieh vI dwisaf igaf hY ik
iehnF KfxF dy nyVy rihx vfly lokF ivwc kYNsr kfrn hox vflIaF mOqF dI dr vI
dUsry lokF nfloN vwD hY.(27)
dunIaf ivwc prmfxU ibjlI dy plFtF nyVy
rihMdy lokF bfry hoey keI hor aiDan vI ieh drsfAuNdy hn ik dUsry lokF dy
mukfbly iehnF lokF ivwc kYNsr hox df Kqrf vwD jFdf hY. Audfhrn leI 18
dsMbr 2008 nUM afnlfeIn mYgjLIn ryicl vIklI ivwc XUrpIn jrnl afP kYNsr
kyar ivwc pRkfisLq hoey iek aiDan dy hvfly nfl ikhf igaf hY ik amrIkf ivwc
prmfxU ibjlI dy plFtF nyVy rihMdy bwicaF ivwc lkImIaf hox dI dr dUsry
bwicaF dy mukfbly ijLafdf hY.(28) ies hI qrHF jrmnI ivwc 2008 ivwc irlIjL
kIqy iek aiDan ivwc ikhf igaf hY ik prmfxU ibjlI dy plFtF nyVy rihMdy
bwicaF nUM kYNsr, Kfs krky lkImIaf, hox df Kqrf dUsry bwicaF qoN vwD hY.
ieh aiDan jrmn srkfr dI eyjMsI jrmn PYzrl ryzIeysLn pRotYksLn vwloN
krvfieaf igaf sI.(29)
prmfxU ibjlI plFtF ivwc pYdf hox vflI
Kqrnfk ryzIEaYkitv rihMd-KUhMd (vyst)
prmfxU ibjlI plFt iekwlI ibjlI hI nhIN
pYdf krdy sgoN ieh aiq dI Kqrnfk ryzIEaYkitv smwgrI vI pYdf krdy hn.
amrIkf ivwc siQq ienvfiermYNtl rIsrc PfAUNzysLn nfl kMm krdy aqy afnlfeIn
hPqfvfrI ryicl ienvfiermYNt aqy hYlQ inAUjL dy sMpfdk zf: pItr mOntyg
prmfxU ibjlI plFtF ivwc vrqy jFdy bflx bfry ies qrHF ilKdy hn. prmfxU
rIaYktr ivwc bflx leI ienirc XUrynIam dIaF itwkIaF bxfeIaF jFdIaF hn. iPr
iehnF itwkIaF nUM iekwTIaF krky lMmIaF sIKF bxfeIaF jFdIaF hn. jdoN ieh
sIKF rIaYktr dI kor ivwc nyVy nyVy rwKIaF jFdIaF hn qF iehnF sIKF ivclf
XUrynIam bldf hY. XurynIam dy blx nfl grmI pYdf hox dy nfl nfl kuwJ nvINaF
vsqf vI pYdf huMdIaF hn jo ik bhuq hI ijLafdf ryzIEaYkitv huMdIaF hn. hOlI
hOlI ieh vsqF kor ivwc vfprdI ikRaf nUM jLihrIlI bxf idMdIaF hn aqy bflx
dIaF sIKF nUM rIaYktr ivwcoN bfhr kwZxf pYNdf hY. iehnF kwZIaF geIaF sIKF
nUM sipMt iPAUl (bilaf bflx) kihMdy hn aqy ieh prmfxU rIaYktrF ivwcoN pYdf
hox vflI bhuq ijLafdf ryzIEaYkitv smwgrI bx jFdIaF hn.(30) ieh sipMt iPAUl
bhuq hI Kqrnfk huMdf hY. jy sipMt iPAUl dIaF ieh sIKF 6 GMitaF qoN vwD
smyN leI hvf ivwc rih jfx qF ieh iek dm blx lwgdIaF hn aqy bhuq hI Kqrnfk
ryizEaYkitv afiesotOps (aYtm) vfqfvrx ivwc CwzdIaF hn. sipMt iPAUl dIaF
ieh sIKF 10 hjLfr sflF qwk “hft” rihMdIaF hn.(31)
iek hjLfr mYgfvft dI smrwQf vflf prmfxU
ibjlI df plFt iek sfl ivwc 30 tMn aiq dI Kqrnfk ryzIEaYkitv rihMd-KUMhd
pYdf krdf hY. irportF anusfr ipCly 60 ku sflF dOrfn amrIkf ivwc prmfxU
ibjlI dy plFtF kfrn pYdf hoeI ies qrHF dI prmfxU rihMd KUhMd dI mfqrf
70,000 tMn dy krIb hY.(32) ies prmfxU rihMd KUMhd nfl iks qrHF nijwiTaf
jfvy, ajy qwk ies bfry koeI surwiKaq aqy qswlIbKsL ZMg nhIN lwiBaf jf
sikaf. ies df iek ZMg qF ieh hY ik ies rihMd KUMhd nUM zrwmF ivwc pf ky
DrqI dy hyTF nwp idwqf jfvy aqy ieh AumId rwKI jfvy ik afAux vfly hjLfrF
sflF ivwc iksy BUcfl jF ies qrHF dI iksy hor afPq kfrn DrqI hyT dwbI ieh
rihMd KUMhd DrqI AuWqy nf af jfvy. jy aijhf ho igaf qF ies nfl dwbI hoeI
rihMd-KUMhd dy afly duafly dy ielfikaF ivwc rihMdy lokF leI kihr vfpr skdf
hY. ies qrHF dy KqiraF nUM dyKidaF ajy qwk dunIaF Br ivwc ies rihMd-KUMhd
nUM DrqI hyT dwbx leI koeI QF nhIN bx skI ikAuNik koeI vI nhIN cfhuMdf ik
ies qrHF dI Kqrnfk smwgrI AuhnF dI vsoN dy nyVy qyVy dwbI jfvy. ies leI
ies smyN ieh prmfxU rihMd KUMhd prmfxU ibjlI dy plFtF dy nyVy pfxI dy
qlfvF ivwc rwKI jFdI hY, ijhnF qlfvF nUM “sipMt iPAUl pUljL” afiKaf jFdf
hY. jF ieh rihMd KUMhd kMkrIt dI cfrdIvfrI aMdr rwKI jFdI hY. prmfxU rihMd
KUMhd nUM sMBflx vflIaF iehnF QFvF ivwc iksy iksm dI durGtnf hox kfrn ies
Kqrnfk ryzIEaYkitv rihMd -KUhMd vloN vfqfvrx ivwc lIk hox df Kqrf hmysLF
bixaf rihMdf. jy ikqy aijhf ho jfvy qF prmfxU ibjlI dy plFtF dy nyVy
rihMdy lokF dI jfn-mfl df vwzf nuksfn ho skdf hY. Audfhrn leI amrIkf dy
sUby vrmfAUNt ivwc lwgy prmfxU ibjlI plFt ivwc 488 tMn dI mfqrf ivwc
prmfxU rihMd-KUMhd sMBflI hoeI hY. iek irport ivwc amrIkf dy inAUklIar
rYgUlytrI kimsLn dy hvfly nfl ikhf igaf hY ik jy ies rihMd KUhMd dy pUl
ivwc iksy qrHF awg lwg jfvy aqy ies kfrn plFt dy nfl lwgdy 500 mIl dy Gyry
ivwc rihMdy 95 PIsdI lokF nUM ies ielfky ivwcoN bfhr vI kwZ ilaf jfvy qF
vI ies awg nfl 25,000 lokF dI mOq ho skdI hY.(33) ieQy iDafn ivwc rwKx
vflI gwl ieh hY ik ies ielfky ivwcoN 95 PIsdI kwZxf asMBv hovygf. ies leI
hI keI lok prmfxU rihMd KUMhd dy iehnF qlfvF nUM prmfxU ibjlI plFt dy
rIaYktr dy mYltzfAUn (XUrynIam ipGlx) qoN ijLafdf Kqrnfk smJdy hn.
afm qOr AuWqy prmfxU ibjlI plFtF dI
Aumr 30-40 sfl ivckfr huMdI hY. Aus qoN bfad iehnF plFtF nUM bMd krnf
pYNdf hY. pr iehnF plFtF nUM bMd krn df kfrj eynf srl nhIN ikAuNik afpxI
Aumr Bogx qoN bfad ieh plFt Kqrnfk ryizEaYkitv rihMd KUMhd df vwzf BMzfr
bx jFdy hn aqy DrqI AuWqly jIvn nUM ies ryizEaYkitv rihMd KUMhd qoN
bcfAuxf jLrUrI ho jFdf hY. ies leI afpxI Aumr pugf cuwky prmfxU ibjlI
plFtF nMU bMd krn dy do ZMg rih jFdy hn. pihly ZMg anusfr Aumr pugf cuwky
prmfxU ibjlI plFt nUM AuDyV ky ies dy mlby nUM prmfxU rihMd KUhMd nUM sFBx
vflI iksy DrqI hyTlI QF ivwc Byijaf jfvy. pr iewQy Xfd rwKx vflI gwl ieh
hY ik ajy qwk dunIaf ivwc prmfxU rihMd KUMhd nUM DrqI hyT sFBx vflI koeI
QF nhIN hY. ies leI ieh ZMg nhIN vriqaf jf skdf hY. Aumr Bog cuwky prmfxU
plFtF nfl nijwTx df dUsrf ZMg ieh hY ik AuhnF dI Aumr dy aMq AuWqy AuhnF
dy drvfjLy bMd krky AuhnF nUM afpxI QF AuWqy ijvyN df iqvyN rihx idwqf
jfvy aqy AuhnF ivclI ryzIEaYkitv smwgrI dy Kqm hox dI agly hjLfrF sfl
AuzIk kIqI jfvy aqy AumId kIqI jfvy ik ies smyN dOrfn iehnF bMd hoey plFtF
ivwclI ryzIEaYkitv smwgrI iksy qrHF dy aYksIzYNt hox kfrn vfqfvrx ivwc lIk
nhIN hovygI. ies smyN Aumr Bog cuwky prmfxU ibjlI plFtF nUM bMd krn leI
ieh hI ZMg apxfieaf jf irhf hY. ies qrHF jfpdf hY ik agly 40 -50 sflF ivwc
dunIaF Br ivwc prmfxU ibjlI dy Aumr Bog cuwky sYNkVy plFt ho jfxgy ijhnF
ivwcoN vfqfvrx ivwc Kqrnfk ryzIEaYkitv smwgrI dy lIk hox df Kqrf agly
hjLfrF sflF leI lgfqfr bixaf rhygf. ieh sfzy vloN afpxIaF afAux vflIaF
pIVHIaF leI iewkIvIN sdI df iek Kqrnfk qohPf hovygf.
aMiqkf:
Auprokq jfxkfrI dy afDfr AuWqy asIN kih skdy hF ik prmfxU ibjlI dy plFt nf
qF vfqfvrx ivwc af rhI qbdIlI nUM rokx ivwc koeI vwzf rol inBf skxgy aqy
nf hI ies ZMg nfl ibjlI pYdf krn vfly dysLF nUM afpxIaF AUrjf loVF leI
svY-inrBr bxfAuxgy. asIN ieh vI kih skdy hF ik prmfxU ibjlI plFtF ivwc
iksy aYksIzYNt vgYrf hox kfrn vwzI pwDr AuWqy Kqrnfk ryzIEaYkitv smwgrI dy
lIk hox df Kqrf hmysLF bixaf rhygf. ies dy nfl nfl prmfxU ibjlI dy plFt
dunIaF ivwc aiq dI Kqrnfk ryzIEaYkitv smwgrI pYdf krn df sRoq bxngy ijs
nUM sMBflx df ies smyN sfzy kol koeI surwiKaq aqy qswlIbKsL ZMg nhIN hY.
iPr svfl AuWTdf hY ik dunIaF Br ivwc aijhy plFtF nUM lfAux leI eynf jLor
ikAuN idwqf jf irhf hY? ies df sB qoN vwzf kfrn qF ieh hY ik ies nfl kuJ
iek vwzIaF kfrporsyLnF nUM vwzI pwDr AuWqy pYsf bxfAux df mOkf imlygf.
Audfhrn leI kYnyzf dI atoimk aYnrjI afP kYnyzf ilmitz dy pRYjLIzYNt ihAU
mYkzfierimz ny 13 meI 2009 nUM trFto ivKy EntyrIE aYnrjI nYtvrk dI iek
mIitMg ivwc bolidaF ikhf sI ik dunIaf Br ivwc lwg rhy nvyN prmfxU ibjlI
plFtF ivwc 10 Krb (1 tirlIan) zflr qoN vwD dI pUMjI lwgx dI afs hY aqy jy
ies mfrkIt ivwcoN QoVHf ijhf ihwsf vI sfnUM iml jfvy qF sfzy aqy sfnUM mfl
splfeI krn vfilaF dy vfry inafry ho jfxgy.(34) imstr mYkzfierimz vloN khy
sLbd prmfxU ibjlI dI smuwcI snaq dy pRqIinD sLbdF vjoN lYxy cfhIdy hn.
ies sMbMD ivwc dUsrf kfrn sLfied ieh hY
ik amrIkf prmfxU ibjlI dy psfr nUM dunIaf ivwc afpxI srdfrI kfiem rwKx df
iek sfDn smJdf hY. ies bfry pwky sbUqF dy afDfr AuWqy qF kuJ nhIN ikhf jf
skdf, pr kuJ ivdvfn ies qrHF dy aMdfjLy jLrUr lf rhy hn. zf: pItr mOntyg
anusfr:
sLfied visLMgtn aqy vfl
strIt dy njLrIey qoN prmfxU ibjlI[[[ ies leI ibhqr hY ikAuNik ies leI bhuq
pUMjI dI loV pYNdI hY aqy ijhVy lok pUjI lfAuNdy hn AuhnF df msLIn aqy
AUrjf AuWqy kMtrol huMdf hY. ies nfl dihsLqvfdIaF nUM rokx leI iek vwzI
kyNdrI aPsrsLfhI aqy POj aqy pulIs dI sKq surwiKaf dy qrk nUM ihmfieq
imldI hY. ies iksm df kyNdrI kMtrol prmfxU ibjlI apnfAux vfly iksy vI dysL
ivwc lokqMqrI ruJfnF nUM TwlH pfAux leI iek sLkqIsLflI sfDn bx jFdf hY.
Kfs krky jy Auh amrIkf jF ies dy iksy imwqr dysL nfl bflx (iPAUl) dI
izilvrI aqy ryzIEaYkitv rihMd -KUMhd nfl nijwTx leI koeI sMDI krdy hn qF
isafsI kMtrol ies lYx dyx df iek aihm ihwsf bx jFdf hY (BfvyN ik axikhf
hI). jy qusIN ibjlI dIaF loVF leI prmfxU ibjlI AuWqy aqy rIaYktr dy bflx
leI sfzy AuWqy inrBr ho qF qusIN sfzI jyb ivwc ho. (35)
bysLwk zf: pItr mOntyg
dI Auprokq Dfrnf iksy Tos sbUq AuWqy afDfirq nhIN pr dunIaF ivwc sfmrfjvfd
dy ieiqhfs nUM dyKidaF AuhnF dI ies Dfrnf ivcly swc qoN munkr hoxf vI bhuq
musLikl hY.
aMq ivwc ieh kihxf glq
nhIN hovygf ik dunIaF Br ivwc prmfxU AUrjf nfl ibjlI pYdf krn df vwD irhf
ruJfn iek Kqrnfk ruJfn hY. ies nfl ies snaq ivwc ajfrydfrI kfiem rwKx
vflIaF muwTI Br kfrporysLnF nUM qF jLrUr Pfiedf hovygf pr afm smfj nUM hox
vfly Pfiedy bfry pwkI qrHF nhIN ikhf jf skdf. sMBv hY iek ieh ruJfn afm
lokF leI hor duwKF qklIPF df kfrn bxy. ies leI ijMnf icr qwk prmfxU ibjlI
dy Auqpfdn dy sMbMD ivwc AuWpr AuTfey svflF dy qswlIbKsL aqy suirwKaq
juafb nhIN iml jFdy, AunI dyr qwk prmfxU ibjlI pYdf krn df pRojYkt muqlvI
hoxf cfhIdf hY. srkfrF vwloN ijMnI vwzI mfqrf ivwc mfiek shfieqf prmfxU
ibjlI dy pRojYkt leI idwqI jf rhI hY, AunI mfiek shfieqf ivMz pfvr, solr
pfvr aqy AUrjf pYdf krn vflIaF aijhIaF hor qknOlojIaF nUM dyxI cfhIdI hY.
ies dy nfl hI sfnUM afpxy Auqpfdn dy pRbMD bfry vI aflocnfqmk njLr nfl
dyKxf cfhIdf hY. awj dunIaF ivwc pYdf kIqIaF jf rhIaF bhuq sfrIaF cIjLF
mnuwKI loVF dI pUrqI leI nhIN pYdf kIqIaF jf rhIaF sgoN ies leI pYdf
kIqIaF jf rhIaF hn ikAuNik Aus nfl vwzIaF kfrporysLnF munfPf kmf skx. jy
asIN afpxf Auqpfdn mnuwKI loVF dI pUrqI leI krFgy qF asIN bhuq sfrIaF
KpqkfrI vsqF dy Auqpfdn nUM Gwt kr skFgy aqy afpxIaF AUrjf loVF ivwc kmI
kr skFgy. jy sfzI AUrjf loVF Gwt hoxgIaF qF sfnUM AUrjf pYdf krn dy
nuksfndyh ZMgF AuWqy inrBr nhIN hoxf pvygf.
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