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aMimRqf sLyrigwl
jgqfrjIq
 

BfrqI sMdrB ivc, jd vI afDuink klf lihr dI AuqpqI dI gwl cldI hY qF aMimRqf sLyrigwl df nF afpxy afp sfhmxy af jFdf hY. klf-pMzqF vloN Aus nUM afDuink BfrqI klf dI prvrqk aqy moZI svIkfr kr ilaf igaf hY. ieh qQ hI afpxy-afp ivc mfx vflf hY cfhy ik Auh bhuq CotI Aumr ivc sMsfr iqafg geI. AuhnUM afpxy vyly dy kihMdy khFdy klfkfrF, klf smIiKakF, klf pRsLMskF dy ivroD dI buCfV df sfhmxf vI krnf ipaf.
jy aMimRqf sLyrigwl dy jIvn nfl juVy Gtnf-kRm Aupr njLr mfrI jfvy qF ies gwl nUM bl imldf hY ik pRiqBf aqy Aumr dy vwKo-vwKry rfh hn. Auh afpxy Bogy jIvn krky nhIN blik afpxy kIqy kMm kfrn Xfd kIqI jFdI hY.
aMimRqf ny afpxy icqrkfr hox bfry Kud vI iliKaf hY – “mYN isrPL icqyrI bxn leI pYdf hoeI hF. myrI mno-bxqr aijhI hY ik mYN iksy qrHF df bfhrI dKl brdfsLq nhIN kr skdI. ies leI mYN mMndI hF ik myrI iswiKaf afpxy-afp hoeI hY. myry jIvn ivc PrFsIsI pRo[lusIey ismoN df vwzf hwQ hY. Auh pVHfAuNdy nhIN sn. AuhnF dy pVHfAux df qrIkf vwKrI qrHF df irhf. Auh afpxy ividafrQI qoN AumId krdy ik Auh pyNitMg `c smwisaf aqy qknIk df hl Kud lwBy. [[[ kwcI Aumr ivc PLrk kr lYx dI qfmIjL pYdf kr lYxI hI swcI klf dI buinadI gwl hY.”
afpxy suBfa, kfrj-Kyqr aqy ilafkq AuWqy aMimRqf sLyrigwl dy ieh qolvyN sLbd hn. Auh afpxI AUrjf nUM rcnfqmkqf leI vrqxf cfhuMdI hY. alp-kfl dOrfn Aus ny jo vI ricaf Bfrq srkfr vloN Aus sB nUM rfsLtrI sMpdf (national treasure) df drjf idwqf igaf hY. iehdy sdkf afDuink icqrkfrI dI rfsLtrI gYlrI ny Aus dy kMm nUM sQfeI jgHf idwqI hoeI hY. drsLk eyQy Aus dy pRmuwK kMm nUM ieko vyly vyK skdf hY.
aMimRqf sLyrigwl jd klf sMsfr ivc dfKl huMdI hY qF Aus vyly iksy iesqrI icqrkfr df koeI nF-insLfn nhIN imldf. iesqrI hox krky vI Auh iKwc aqy ivroD df kyNdr bxI rhI.
Auh jd afpxI AuWc klf-isiKaf, awzrI klf-sLYlI dy nfl ivlwKx jIvn-aMdfjL lY ky BfrqI klf-idRsL ivc dfKl huMdI hY qF Aus vyly kfPI hlcl pYdf ho jFdI hY. AudoN cfry pfsy purK df sfmrfj sI aqy purK smUMh dI hI qUqI vjdI sI. aMimRqf Aupr keI idsLfvF qoN hmly huMdy rhy, pr Auh afpxy cuxy rfh Auqy idRVHqf nfl aMiqm sfhF qwk ieksfr qurdI rhI.
Aus vyly klf dy jgq AuWpr isrPL bMgfl dy klfkfr Cfey hoey sn. bMgfl skUl dy nF hyT Auh afpxy hunr df pRdrsLn krI jf rhy sn.
aMimRqf sLyrigwl df jnm 30 jnvrI 1913 nUM hMgrI dysL dI rfjDfnI bUdfpsq (Budapest) ivc hoieaf. Aus df ipE iswK sI aqy mF iesfeI.
srdfr AumrfE isMG mjITIaf df dfdf aqr isMG mhfrfjf rxjIq isMG dI POj ivc sI. iek lVfeI ivc mfry jfx bfad Aus df lVkf sUrq isMG Kflsf POj ivc nOkr ho igaf aqy qrwkI krdf krdf jnrl bx igaf. iswKF dI aMgryjLF nfl 1847 dI dUjI lVfeI ivc Auh bhfdrI nfl liVaf. iswKF dI hfr hoeI. sUrq isMG dI sfrI jfiedfd Koh leI geI aqy Aus nUM bnfrs Byj idwqf igaf. 1857 dy gLdr vyly sUrq isMG ny aMgryjLF df sfQ idwqf. afpxI ijwq bfad aMgryjLF ny Aus nUM pMjfb vfps Byj idwqf. rfjf df iKqfb dyx dy ielfvf gorKpur (Auqr-pRdysL) ivwc jLmIn df iek vwzf tukVf ienfm vjoN ByNt kIqf. sUrq isMG dy do lVky sn, AumrfE isMG aqy suMdr isMG. suMdr isMG rfjnIqI vl qur ipaf jd ik AumrfE isMG igafn, ivigafn, klf, sfihq, drsLn dy rfh pY igaf.
1881 ivc jd sUrq isMG dI mOq hoeI qF dovyN Brf inwkI Aumr dy sn. aMgryjLF ny iehnF dI dyK ryK dI ijLMmyvfrI atfrI dy gulfb isMG nUM idwqI. vwzy hox `qy AumrfE isMG df ivafh gulfb isMG dI kuVI nfl kr idwqf igaf. cfr bwcy hox AuprMq AumrfE isMG dI pqnI dI mOq ho geI.
aMimRqf dI mF mfrIaf aMqfvnyq iek vfr lMdn ivc sI. qdoN Aus nUM rfjkumfrI bMbf (mhfrfjf dlIp isMG dI lVkI) df ivigafpn pVHn nUM imilaf ijs anusfr Aus nUM sMgIq, klf, sMsikRqk ruJfn vflI iek aOrq df sfQ cfhIdf sI jo Aus nfl ihMdusqfn jf sky aqy nfl rih sky. mfrIaf rfjkumfrI bMbf nfl ihMdusqfn af geI. eyQy iek pfrtI ivc mfrIaf aMqfvnyq ny gfxf gfieaf. AuQy hfjLr AumrfE isMG Auhdy vl iKwicaf igaf. ieh iKwc aqy ipafr 4 PrvrI 1912 nUM ivafh ivc qbdIl ho igaf.
ivafh iswK rIq anusfr hoieaf. ivafh bfad dovy jxy jldI hI hMgrI phuMc gey. bUdfpsq sLihr ivc 30 jnvrI 1913 nUM aMimRqf df jnm hoieaf. 13 mfrc 1914 nUM sLyrigwl pirvfr ivc dUsrI kuVI ieMdrf pYdf hoeI. AumrfE isMG ny ieh pihlF hI qYa kr ilaf sI ik jy pihlf bwcf lVkI hoeI qF Auhdf nF ‘aMimRq’ rwiKaf jfvygf.
lgpg AuhnIN idnI sMsfr jMg sLurU ho geI sI. sLyrigwl pirvfr dI Bfrq vfps af jfx dI iewCf dy bfvjUd AuhnF leI AuQoN inklxf musLikl ho igaf.
rfjDfnIaF aqy sLihr lVfeI df kyNdr jldI bxdy hn. ies zroN sLyrigwl pirvfr budfpsq Cwz ky dUr iek ipMz jf ky rihx lwgf.
sMkt afdmI nUM iqRkflI bxf dyNdf hY. Auh Aus bfry vI socx lwgdf hY ijs soc nUM bckfnI smiJaf jf skdf hY. mfrIaf ikafs krdI hY ik jy lVfeI ivc ieh bwcIaF mfrIaF geIaF qF ieh nf hovy ik iehnF nUM kbr vI nsIb nf hoey. ieh zr Aus nUM Drm vl iKwc lY jFdf hY aqy Auh donF bwcIaF nUM igrjfGr lY jf ky eIsfeI Drm dI dIiKaf dvf dyNdI hY.
ies Gtnf dy ielfvf koeI hor vyrvf Gwt hI imldf hY jd aMimRqf ny iksy Dfrmk rIq nUM inBfieaf hovy.
aMimRqf kudrq dy ijLafdf krIb sI. pMj ku sfl dI Aumr sI jd Auh mF koloN suxIaF khfxIaF, prI kQfvF dy icqr AulIk ky AusnUM idKfx lwg peI.
mjITIaf pirvfr ijwQy rih irhf sI Auh ipMz sI. ipMz dy lokF df pihrfvf sLihrIaF qoN iBMn hox krky AuhnF dI rMg-cox vI vwKrI aqy ctk vflI sI. aMimRqf df pyNzU lokF nfl sMprk bcpn qoN hI sLurU ho igaf sI. AuhI ieh Jukfa Bfrq ivc vI kfrjsLIl irhf jd Auh ieQoN dy grIb iksfn ikrqIaF nUM afpxy kMm df ivsLf bxfAuNdI hY.
sMn 1920 dI ikRsms df idn sI. sLyrigwl pirvfr ny afpxy Gr afpxI jfx-pCfx dy lokF nUM cfh-pfrtI ‘qy swidaf sI. Aus vyly mfrIaf ny AUjylI nF dy mnoivigafnI nUM aMimRqf nfl imlfieaf. Aus mnoivigafnI ny aMimRqf nUM smoihq kr ky kuJ pRXog kIqy. bfad ivc iswty kWZidaF Aus ny ikhf ik Auh afAux vfly smyN ivc pRiqBfsLflI klfkfr bxygI. Aus anusfr aMimRqf hwd dI sMvydnsLIl hY ijs sdkf bfhrI pRBfvF krky Auh jldI zgmgf skdI hY aqy iksy gMBIr sMkt ivc Ps skdI hY.
1921 nUM sLyrigwl pirvfr Bfrq leI qur ipaf. 1921 qoN 1928 qwk sfrf pirvfr smr ihl (isLmlf) ivc bxy afpxy Gr ivc irhf. 1923 dy drimafn mfrIaf aMqfvnyq ietlI dy iek buwq qrfsL vl iKwcI geI. jd iksy kfrn Aus buwq qrfsL nUM ietlI vfps jfxf ipaf qF mfrIaf vI afpxIaF dohF DIaF nUM lY ky ietlI jf phuMcI. aMimRqf nUM PlorYNs dy iek klf-skUl ivc dfKl krvf idwqf pr Aus nUM EQoN dI isiKaf-ivDI aqy anusLfsn rfs nf afieaf. hflfq bdl jfx kfrn mfrIaf bwicaF nUM lY ky 24 jUn 1924 nUM vfps Bfrq af geI.
1924-27 dy drimafn ijhVy aMimRqf ny lkIrI jF jl-rMg icqr bxfey AuhnF ivc klfkfr dI ivsLy pRiq vDdI sUJ aqy igafn dI Jlk imldI hY. jo kuJ vI rUpvfn hoieaf Auh sB XOrpI sLYlI ivc sI. iek hlkI pqlI lkIr jF lkIr smUh nfl ikrdfr nUM AulIikaf jFdf irhf, pr bfad ivc Aus ny ichry, ivsLysL krky aOrqF dy ichiraF nUM bxfieaf ijnHF ivwc dwby hox, sLosLx kIqy jfx, qxfa gRsq hox dy Bfv nUM Aujfgr kIqf igaf. Aus ny keI inAUzjL vI vwK vwK konF aqy idsLf qoN bxfey. kI ieh kMm Aus dy BivwK ivc hox vfly kMm df sMkyq ikhf jf skdf hY? ieh gwl pUry insLcy nfl nhIN khI jf skdI ikAuNik bfad dy kMm ivc sLYlI aqy ivsLy pwKoN Zyr qbdIlI vfprdI hY.

sYlP portryt

inrfsLf, sLok, Aucftpx dy lwCx, AuNJ aMimRqf dy kMm nfl sdf leI nwQI ho jFdy hn. bfhr dy mfhOl qoN ielfvf Gr dy mfhOl ny ies sMvydnf nUM mGfeI rwiKaf. AumrfE isMG nUM mfrIaf df ivAuhfr nfpsMd sI. mF nfl kuVIaF vI bdl geIaF sn. AumrfE isMG sfrI sfrI rfq Cwq Aupr tihldf rihMdf, qfiraF dIaF gqIivDIaF nUM dUrbIn nfl vyKdf rihMdf, AunHf nUM ilKdf rihMdf.
1929 qoN 1934 qwk afpxy pUry pirvfr nfl aMimRqf pYirs rhI. EQy phuMcx dy kuJ idnF bfad hMgrI dy iek icqrkfr ny aMimRqf dy ryKFkn aqy icqrF nUM vyK ky AuhdI jfx-pCfx ipar vfalF nfl krfeI. aMimRqf AuhdI dyK-ryK ivc kuJ smF aiBafs krdI rhI. jd ieh vyiKaf ik Auhdy kMm ivc ivkfs nhIN ho irhf qF Aus nUM pYirs dI rfsLtrI klf XUnIvrstI (iekol nysLnfl dI bo afrs) ivc dfKl krvf idqf igaf. bysLwk AuhdI Aumr aTfrF sfl qoN Gwt sI, pr pRoPYsr ismoN dI mdd nfl ieh sMBv ho igaf.
ies pVHfeI ny Aus nUM pwCm dI klf aqy jIvn-jfc dy hor krIb lY aFdf. AuQy rihMidaF hoieaF Aus vyly dy pRiswD icqrkfrF nUM imlx, AuhnF df kMm vyKx df mOkf vI aMimRqf nUM imilaf. ies nyVqf ny Auhdy aMdr svY-pCfx df mfdf pYdf kr idwqf.
1930 dy krIb Aus ny qyl rMgF dI vrqoN sLurU kIqI. ies mfiDam ny Aus dy kMm krn dy qrIky nUM bdilaf; Auh pihlF cfrkol jF jl-rMgF dI vrqoN hI krdI sI. aiDan kfl dOrfn Aus axigxq zrfieMgF, lYNz-skypF, sitwl-lfeIP stwzIjL, portRyts bxfey.
afqm icqrF (self portraits) pRiq aMimRqf df Kfsf moh irhf hY. ividafrQI kfl vyly bxfey afqm-icqrF df ipCokV lfl rMg nfl rMigaf jFdf irhf. lgdf hY ies rfhIN Auh afpxIaF ieCfvF nUM jF Kud nUM sMqusLt kr rhI hY. pr bfad dy afqm-icqrF ivc ieh ‘ivsLysL iewCf’ ieMJ pRgt nhIN kIqI geI. afpxy AuWpr svY-Brosf ho igaf hoeygf ik ‘jo Auh kr rhI hY shI hY.’
XOrp dy klf-jgq dI pCfx krnf dUjy arQF ivc Kud dI pCfx khI jf skdI hY. Auh Aus vyly inrxf lYNdI hoeI ilKdI hY “mYN nhIN smJdI XUrp ivc rih ky mYN icqr-rcnf kr skFgI. XUrp ipkfso, mqIs, brfk jF dUjy klfkfrF df hY. myrf qF isrPL Bfrq hY.” ieh inrxf srdfr AumrfE isMG dI iewCf dy iKlfPL ilaf igaf sI. Auh nhIN sI cfhuMdf ik aMimRqf Bfrq af ky rhy. Aus ny aMimRqf nUM iliKaf ik qyrI Bfrq nfl koeI zUMGI sFJ nhIN hY aqy nf hI ieQoN dy drsLn, klf aqy hor sLfKfvF dI qYnUM koeI ivsLysL jfxkfrI hY. ies leI qUM XUrp hI itkI rih ikAuNik AuhI qYnUM mfiPLk hY. aMimRqf ny ies gwl vl iDafn nf idwqf. blik moVvF jvfb idwqf ik mYnUM ieh pV ky duK hoieaf hY ik qusIN afpxy bwicaF nUM ipafr dyx dI bjfey afpxy nF dI rfKI krn nUM ijLafdf mhwqv dy rhy ho.
Aus vyly smuwcI dunIaF ivc AuQl-puQl dy sMkyq imldy hn. XUrp hOlI hOlI dUjI sMsfr jMg vl vD irhf sI. jrmn muV ies jMg df mohrI bx irhf sI. Bfrq dy hflfq vI koeI vDIaf nhIN sn. ihMdosqfnI jnqf aMgryjLF qoN mukq hox leI jwdojihd kr rhI sI. iek muK Dfrf kFgrs sI ijs dIaF eyDr-EDr anyk Aup DfrfvF afpo-afpxy ivcfrF nfl lYs ho ky aMgryjLf nUM vMgfr rhIaF sn.
ieh nhIN ikhf jf skdf ik pYirs ivc aMimRqf ny koeI mhqvpUrn kMm nhIN kIqf. ‘iekol nysLnfl dI bo afrs’ dy pRo[ ismoN afpxy Kyqr dy ivsLyswg hox dy ielfvf idRsLtf vI sI. Auh aMimRqf nUM bVy PLKLr nfl kihMdf huMdf sI, “mYnUM ies gwl df hmysLF mfx rhvygf ik qUM myrI ividafrQx rhI eyN.”
1934 ivc aMimRqf sLyrigwl ny ‘XMg grljL’ nF dI pyNitMg bxfeI ijs afDfr `qy AuhnUM grFz solyn sMsQf df mYNbr bxf ilaf igaf. ieh mfx pRfpq krn vflI Auh pihlI ihMdosqfnI kuVI sI, blik smuwcy eysLIaf ivcoN vI pihlI.

XMg grljL

dsMbr 1935 nUM Auh Bfrq vfps af geI. pRiswDI, jfx pCfx df iqafg krky nvyN pirvysL ivc aqy nvyN ivsLY-sLYlI rfhIN rcnfqimk kMm sLurU krnf, kihx ijMnf afsfn nhIN hY. iehdy leI klfkfr nUM keI DrfqlF `qy Kud nUM iqafr krnf pYNdf hY. Auh iek Kq ivc ilKdI hY: “myry mn ivc iek ibafn nf kIqy jfx vflf ajnbI iehsfs muV muV AuBrdf hY ik icqrkfr dy rUp ivc myrI aMiqm kfrjsLflf Bfrq hI hY.”
Aus smyN ieQoN df klf-idRsL hI vwKrI qrHF df nhIN sI blik ieQoN dy lok, AuhnF df AuTxf bYTxf, Kfx pIx, ilbfs leI vriqaf jFdf kwpVf aqy Aus dy rMg afid vI pwCm qoN hwtvyN sn. sfDfrx ivakqI leI ieh PLrk mfmUlI ho skdf hY pr klfkfr leI nhIN.
klf dy nF `qy Aus vyly ‘bMgfl skUl’ df iek Cwqr rfj sI. ieh sLuWD sudysLI klf-sLYlI sI ijs AuWpr iksy bfhrI sLYlI df rMc mfqr pRBfv nhIN sI.
AuhnI idnI Bfrq afpxI afjLfdI dI lVfeI vI lV irhf sI. ies idRsLtI qoN bMgfl dI klf-sLYlI hor mhwqv pUrn pRvfinq aqy pRmfixk svIkfr kIqI jFdI sI. BfrqI klfkfr ies nUM afpo-afpxy aMdfjL ivc vrq rhy sn. ies sLYlI dy aMqrgq iksy vI qrHF dI rUp-rcnf leI jl-rMgF dI hI vrqoN kIqI jFdI hY. rMg lfAux qoN bfad pfxI dI vrqoN nfl Aus dI rMgq (ton) nUM ieksfr jF Gwt-vwD kIqf jFdf hY. ies ivDI nUM ‘vfsL’ ikhf jFdf hY.
aMimRqf sLyrigwl ies qoN axjfx sI. Aus dI pVHfeI aqy aiBafs rognI rMgF ivc hoieaf sI.
bMgfl skUl lihr sI qF sLuWD BfrqI pr ies df XQfrQ nfl koeI lYx-dyx nhIN sI. klfkfr pOrfixk aqy imiQhfsk pfqr isrjx ivc hI afpxI Xogqf dy drsLn krvf dyNdy. iehnF dI dyh hwd dI lckdfr, aMg jLrUrq qoN ijLafdf lMby bxfey jFdy. jfnvr, bnspqI aqy hor moitP vI iesy aMdfjL ivc icqry jFdy. sfrf vrqfrf iKaflI hI huMdf ijs dy pYrF QWly jLmIn nF dI koeI vsqU nf huMdI.
aMimRqf awgy kuJ ku rfh sn. Auh bMgfl skUl df anusrn kr skdI sI. dUjf rfh sI ik Auh bMgfl skUl aqy afpxI pRXogfqmk idRsLtI nfl koeI ivwc ivcfly dI sLYlI GV lvy. qIjf rfh sI, sB qrHF dIaF pihlIaF pRivrqIaF qoN mukq ho ky afpxy kMm leI afpxI hI sLYlI nUM iqafr kIqf jfvy. aMimRqf qIsry rfh dI cox krdI hY. bMgfl skUl nfl Aus nUM isry qk iGrxf sI. Auhdf mq sI ik bMgfl skUl jn sfDfrx dIaF duK qklIPLF nUM jLubfn nhIN dyNdf. dUjf kfrn ieh sI ik ies sLYlI dIaF ikrqF bhuq sjfvtI hn aqy vfsqivkqf dy nyVy nhIN lwgdIaF.
Auh iek QF ilKdI hY, “XUrop jfx qoN pihlF mYN eynI aMqrmuKI ho geI sI ik afpxy afly-duafly dI dunIaF nUM iDafn nfl dyiKaf hI nhIN sI. mYN ijhVy vI afkfr AulIky sn, mn dI AuzfrI nfl bxfey sn. swcfeI dy bjfey qsvIrF dI dunIaF ivc ijAuNdI sI. Aus vyly mYnUM eynf jLrUr pqf sI ik ihMdosqfn ivc ijhVIaF klf-ikrqF bxfeIaF jf rhIaF hn, Auh klf-ikrqF qF hn, pr AuhnF ivc ihMdosqfn dI afqmf nhIN hY. Auh qsvIrF icqr klf dI GtIaf qknIkF afsry klf-ikrqF qF khIaF jFdIaF sn, pr AuhnF ivc iek vI bursL Coh aijhI nhIN ijwQy Bfrq dI afqmf dI pRqIDunI inkldI hovy. myrI klf `qy kuJ aijhy ivcfr hfvI rhy hn. mYN hmysLf ivakqIvfdI rhI hF aqy Kud leI iek nvIN qknIk lwBdI rhI ijhVI prMprk arQF ivc BfrqI BfvyN nf hovy, pr afqmf ivc isDFq pwKoN BfrqI hovy. afkfr aqy rMgF dy sQfeI mhwqv nfl mYN BfrqI grIbF dI ijLMdgI df ijhVf icqrx krdI hF Auh Bfvuk lgfa qoN AuWqy hY. Bfrq dy grIbF nfl myrf lgfa isrPL Bfvukqf df nhIN.”
aMimRqf sLyrigwl ny BfrqI klf-jgq ivc ivafp rhy Tihrfv nUM qoiVaf. pihlf vwzf vwZ qknIk aqy ivsLy pwKoN hY. qyl-rMgF dI vrqoN df afpxf mhwqv hY. dwKx df pyNtr rfjf rvI vrmf vI qyl-rMgF nUM vrqdf sI pr Aus dy ivsLy rfmfiex, mhFBfrq, purfxF afid gRMQF ivcoN afAuNdy sn.

brfeIzjL tfielwt - 1937

aMimRqf ny ipafr dy iCx Bogdy jF ipafr kQfvF dy pfqrF nUM afpxy kYnvs ‘qy nhIN afAux idwqf. Aus ny iksy ‘ircUal’ nUM vI nhIN iciqRaf. Aus ny axCohy ivsLy cuxy aqy AuhnF dI pRqIinDqf krn vfly pfqr vI hyTly qbHky qoN ley.
mUl moitP dy ipCokV (ipwTBUmI) nUM Aus ny ijLafdf ahmIaq nhIN idwqI qF ik khI gwl ‘iswDI mfr’ kr sky. sjfvtI vyrivaF nUM Aus dIaF klf-ikrqF ivc jgHf nhIN imlI. Auhdy bxfey Drq-icqr vI vwKrfpx drsFdy hn. aMimRqf dy kMm dI vwKrqf AudfsI aqy gihrI cuwp (solitude) isrjx `c hY.
BfrqI icqrkfr, afm qOr `qy bMgfl dy, aMimRqf dI afmd nfl KusL nhIN sn. AunHF afpxy ZMg-qrIky nfl moVvyN hmly kIqy. keIaF leI qF ieho aOK vflI gwl sI ik mrd klfkfrF dI pRBuqf vfly smfj ivc iek iesqrI dfKl ikvyN ho geI.
aMimRqf sLyrigwl df afpxy duafly dy sOVy mfhOl nfl sfhmxf jldI hI ho igaf sI. sqMbr 1935 ivc Auhny isLmlf afrt sosfietI vloN lfeI jfx vflI sflfnf numfiesL leI ds ikrqF ByjIaF. dsF ivcoN pMj ikrqF sMsQf vloN vfips Byj idwqIaF geIaF. svIkfr kIqy kMm ivc iek Auh vI sI ijs nUM gwrF sWlfn (pYirs) ivc ivKfieaf jf cuwkf sI aqy ienfm vI imilaf sI. ies kMm dI klf-smIiKafkfrF ny BrvIN qfrIPL kIqI sI. vfps afeIaF pyNitMgF nUM vyK ky aMimRqf nUM guwsf cVH igaf aqy Aus ny sMsQf vloN idwqy gey ‘mhfrfjf PrIdkot ienfm’ nUM moVidaF Kq iliKaf, “mYnUM ieh ienfm iksy hor Xog klfkfr dy pwK ivc moVn dI KusLI hovygI. iehdy ivc koeI sLwk nhIN ik ieho ijhf ienfm lY ky Auh Kud nUM snmfinq mihsUs krygf aqy AuhdI rcnf myrI rcnf nfloN ijLafdf prMprk hovygI, ijs nUM isLmlf PfeIn afrt sosfietI dy inrxfiekF ny ipCly 63 sflF qoN sMBfl ky rwiKaf hoieaf hY.”
afpxI afriQk hflq nUM TIk Tfk rwKx leI Aus ny vwzy afkfr vfly ‘kimwsLnz portRyt’ vI bxfey. jdik aijhf kMm Aus nUM nfpsMd sI. ieMJ krn ipCy iek kfrn AuhdIaF pyNitMgF df nf ivkxf sI ikAuNik AuhnF dI kImq kfPLI vDI hoeI huMdI sI.
kimwsLnz portRytF ny klfkfr dy kMm nUM vI pRBfivq kIqf. icqr ivc Duwp-CF dI vrqoN dI bjfey spft rMg-CohF ny jgHf lY leI ijs kfrn Auh ikrq hor isMplIPfeIz ho geI. bfd ivc ieh lwCx Aus dy kMm dI pCfx bx igaf. ‘hysitMg’ (19[[[), ivmn eyt bfQ (1940), ivmn eyt cfrpfeI (1940) icqr Kfs qrHF dI sLYlI AuBfrdy hn. iswDIaF lkIrF dy nfl hux golfeIdfr aMg nhIN idsdy blik Auh koxdfr ho gey hn. ‘ivmn eyt cfrpfeI’ `c cfrpfeI ivcly rMg, ivsLysL qOr ‘qy, spft hn ijwQy tYkscr dI Gft rVkdI hY jd ies df pUrvly kMm nfl tfkrf krdy hF. iehnF icqrF ivc afAux vfly iesqrI-purKF dy ichiraF dI zItyljL vl iDafn nhIN idwqf igaf aqy nf hI hor vsqF nUM bfrIkI nfl bxfieaf hY.
iek pfsy Aus dy kMm dy nvyklypx dI isPLq krn vflf ivrlf-tfvF sI qF dUjy pfsy Auh Bfrq dI rUh nUM jfxn-pCfxn leI XqnsLIl sI. Bfrq dy lokF aqy eyQoN dy mMdrF/mUrqIklf nUM dyKx leI Aus ny vwK vwK pRFqF dy dOry kIqy. BfrqI klf df mrm smJx leI Aus lGU-icqr sLYlIaF (bsYlI, kFgVf, rfjsQfn, mugl) vl iDafn idwqf. ies kMm ivc sB qoN vwD mdd kfrl KMzflvflf ny kIqI ijs kol iehnF sLYlIaF ivc bxy lGU-icwqrF df vwzf sMgRih sI. aMimRqf 1936 ivc Dur dwKx vl jFdI hoeI jd muMbeI rukI qdy Aus dI mulfkfq kfrl KMzflvflf nfl hoeI. ieh pihlf ivakqI sI ijs ny aMimRqf sLyrigwl dy kMm dI sLlfGf kIqI. ies klf ivsLysLwg vloN aMimRqf nUM hr sLYlI dy gux-lwCxF nUM bylfg ZMg nfl dwsx kfrn dohF ivcfly atuwtvF irsLqf bwJ igaf. aMimRqf KLq ilK ky afpxy kMm dI Xojnf, rMg-cox, ivsLy bfry dwsdI rihMdI. dohF ivcfly hox vfly ivcfr-vtFdry ny icqrkfr dI rMg qKLqI nUM bdl idwqf. vrqy jFdy pwQrF ijhy rMgF dI QF hux QoVHy qyjL, ctk rMgF ny lY leI.
ies sLfbfsLI ny aMimRqf df hOslf vDfieaf. pihlF Aus dy kMm nUM lok nfpsMd krdy rhy, Kfs kr bMgfl dy klfkfr-ivdvfn. bhuq Gwt lok Auhdf kMm KRIddy. keIaF ny qF kMm lY ilaf pr pYsf iek nf idwqf.
mfrc 1936 ivc PLfeIn afrts sosfietI vloN lfeI geI iek numfiesL leI aMimRqf ny afpxf kMm Byijaf ijs ivcoN Aus dy do afqm-icqrF nUM ienfm leI cuixaf igaf. ies dy bfad nvMbr 1938 nUM muMbeI ivc Aus dy kMm dI iek numfiesL hoeI, ijs nUM hr pwKoN BrvIN isPLq slfh imlI. aMimRqf leI ieh suK dIaF GVIaF sn. Bfrq dy klf drsLkF aqy smIiKafkfrF pRqI Aus dy guwsy nUM QoVHI Tfhr iml geI sI.
dwKxI Bfrq pRqI AuhdI idlcspI vDdI hI geI. ies sdkf Auh ajMqf-alorf dIaF guPLfvF nUM vyKdI hY. EQoN dIaF vwz afkfrI mUrqIaF dy lkIrI icqr bxFdI hY. Pyr Auh mflfbfr dy hry kcUr ruwKF dy iknfiraF dy nfl nfl kMinaf kumfrI qwk phuMcI.
ajMqf-alorf bfry Auh iek QF ilKdI hY - “alorf vwzI sLfn vflf hY. jd ik ajMqf anUpm aqy aiq suMdr hY.”

ivlyj sIn

jd Aus ny kocIn ivc mwqncyrI pRsfd dy kMD-icqr vyKy qF Auh bhuq pRBfivq hoeI. Auh ilKdI hY – “mYN sLfied hI ieho ijhy isD hsq icqr ikDry hor vyKy hox. ieh qF ajMqf qoN vI vD ky hn.”
pUry anuBv ny Aus dy mn-srIr nUM ikvyN pRBfivq kIqf, iehdy bfbq mulk rfj afnMd nUM dsdI hY, “mYN ivsLvfs krn lwgI hF ik rMgF dI AUrjf nUM bursL-CohF nfl jd vriqaf jFdf hY qF Auh srIr dIaF kuJ Kfs QfvF `qy icxgF bfl skdI hY. ijnHF qwqF nUM kMD-icqrF ivc lwiBaf/lwB ilaf jFdf hY Auh quhfzy srIr ivc ho skdy hn[[[. Auh anuBv ijhVf bfhroN aMdr jFdf hY muV AuhI aMdroN bfhr vl kYnvs AuWpr af Tihrdf hY.”
dwKx qoN vfps afAuNdI hoeI aMimRqf idwlI TihrI aqy ieQy afpxy kMm dI numfiesL lgfeI. numfiesL dOrfn hI AuhdI pihlI mulfkfq jvfhr lfl nihrU nfl huMdI hY. dovyN iek-dUjy vwl iKwcy jFdy hn. ies mulfkfq bfry Auh ivsqfr nfl ilKdI hY – “idwlI ivc mYN jvfhr lfl nihrU nUM imlI. myrI iewCf rhI hY ik mYN AuhnUM imlF. mYnUM lwgdf hY ik AuhnF ny mYnUM Enf hI psMd kIqf hY ijMnf mYN AuhnF nUM. Auh myry kMm dI numfiesL vyKx afey, ijQy AuhnF nfl iek lMmI gwlbfq hoeI….”
iehdy bfry nihrU ny iliKaf sI – “mYN qyry kMm nUM iDafn nfl vyiKaf hY aqy psMd kIqf hY. ikAuNik iehdy ivc sLkqI aqy idRsLtI ieko QF hY. qyry ivc dovyN gux hn. ieh sfry icqr aqIq nfl bWJy hoey AuhnF inrjIv ichiraF qoN ikMny vwKry hn, ijnHF nUM asIN aksr afpxy dysL ivc vyKdy hF.”
dwKx dOry dOrfn hoey afpxy anuBv nUM Auh kYnvs qwk lY jfx leI kuJ smF eykFq ivc gujLfrdI hY. ies vyly dI klf nUM keI ivsLysLwg AuhdI srboqm klf mMndy hn. dwKx dy mMdr, buwq, kQk klI dy nwcfrF afid ny Aus nUM iek vwKrI idRsLtI idwqI. EQoN dy lokF dy nMgy jF awDnMgy BUry-kfly ipMzy ijhVy icwty kpiVaF ivc QoVHy-bhuqy kwjy huMdy sn, aMimRqf leI iek ivlwKx anuBv sI. iehnF sB dy ipCokV ivc hiraf-Biraf vfqfvrn iehnF pfqrF nUM AuCfl dyNdf sI. ies anuBv nUM afDfr bxf ky aMimRqf sLYrigwl ny icqr bxfey ijhVy ‘qRYlVI’ nF nfl jfxy jFdy hn:
1[ brfeIzjL tfielt (1937)
2[ bRhmcfrI (1937)
3[ ivlyjrjL goieMg tU mfrikt (1937)

ieh icqr dwKxI BfrqI sLYlI dy nF nfl jfxy jFdy hn. kuJ ieh mMndy hn ik ies pRgtfvy dy nfl (bfad) hI aMimRqf-klf dy iek Xuwg df aMq ho jFdf hY.
dwKxoN af ky isLmly rihMidaF hoieaF aMimRqf ny pihlI pyNitMg ‘brfeIzjL tielwt’ bxfeI. ivafhI jfx vflI kuVI nUM isLMgfiraf jf irhf hY. ies kuVI df rMg horF nfloN vwKrf aqy gorf hY jd ik isLMgfr krn vflIaF dovyN kuVIaF pwky rMg nfl rMgIaF hn. ieh rMg-Byd asl ivc vrg Byd df sMkyq hY. ivafhMdV kuVI aqy horF dy nYx-nksL leI brIk lkIrI CohF df afsrf ilaf hY. awKF dI bnfvt `c afeI qbdIlI klfkfr dy kMm ivc afeI qbdIlI df sMkyq hY. icqr-sMXojn ivc amrUdI, hlkf gulfbI, sPLYd, BUry rMg dIaF tonjL dI vrqoN kIqI hY jd ik smuwcf ipCokV pIlI Bf mfrdy hry rMg vflf hY. PrsL/jLmIn aqy ipwCy kMD hY jF isrPL KflIpx df rMg ieko ijhf hY, Kfs PLrk nhIN jF hY eI nhIN. aOrqF dy nfl do bwcy vI hn qsvIr ivc, jo jigafsf aqy hYrfnI nfl ho irhf kMm dyK rhy hn. Cwb ivc sfiraF dy aMg golfeIdfr hox krky lYafqmk lwgdy hn.
aMimRqf dy agly icqr ivc sB mrd hI hn ijs nUM ‘bRhmcfrI’ df nF idwqf hY. ivc ivcfly qpI (ascetic) bYTf hY ijs dy dohIN pfsIN vwKo-vwKrI Aumr dy do-do isLsL bYTy hn. vwzy afkfr dy ies kMm ivc KVy ruK ‘zomInyt’ krdy hn. qyV sPLYd DoqIaF aqy gilaF duafly jnyAU hrI-BUrI agrBUmI aqy lfl ipwT-BUmI drimafn iek sMgq nUM rUpmfn krdy hn. ieQy vI vKryvyN leI dyh dy rMg-Byd df afsrf ilaf igaf hY. qpI df ichrf jo kih irhf hY dUjy ichry Aus pRqI pRqIkrm jLfihr nhIN kr rhy blik soc rhy hn. sfqivk rMg (sPLYd) aqy ipwT `qy iek kony qoN dUjy kony qwk PYly lfl rMg df sMvfd aqy sMquln vI drsLnI hY.
ies lVI dI qIjI pyNitMg ‘ivlyjrs goieMg tU mfrikt’ vwKry suBfa vflI hY. lMby ruK bxy kMm ivc bwicaF-aOrqF dy smUh `c BUry-isafh nfl dUjy rMg vI idsdy hn. hryk jIv dy hwQF ‘c jF isr AuWpr koeI nf koeI vsqU hY. smUh qurdf hox dy bfvjUd Tihiraf lwgdf hY ikAuNik ihljul vflI hrkq AuBrI hoeI nhIN lwgdI. mfzl dI mdd lY ky iqafr hoeI pyNitMg pihlIaF do qoN iBMn ies krky vI hY ik ieh sjfvtI ijLafdf hY.
kMm dI ies iqkVI pUrI hox vyly aMimRqf KMzflvflf nUM apRYl 1938 nUM ilKdI hY, “mYN nhIN jfxdI ieh pVfa gujLr jfx vflf hY jF itikaf rihx vflf. mYN ies nUM pihlF nfloN ijLafdf ivwQ qoN dyKdI hF. iehnF `c mfnvI pwK df dKl Gt hY aqy romFitk vI Gt hY. eys vyly mYnUM rfjpUq icqrF dI bjfey mugl-sLYlI cMgI lwgdI hY.”
nvMbr 1937 nUM aMimRqf sLyrigwl pihlI vfr lfhOr vl mUMh krdI hY. 21 nvMbr 1937 nUM PlYtIjL hotl dy bflrUm ivc Aus dIaF qIh klf-ikrqF dI numfiesL lfeI jFdI hY. ijLafdf klf ikrqF dwKxI sLYlI ivc hn aqy vwz afkfrI. ies pRdrsLnI nUM dyKx AuprMq pRiswD klf smIiKafkfr cfrls PfbrI, ijhVf aMimRqf nUM Cy virHaF dI Aumr qoN jfxdf hY, kihMdf ik ieh numfiesL iek rhws nUM pRgt krdI lwgdI hY. ieh idn aMimRqf leI aBuwl idn bx jFdf hY.
aMimRqf sLyrigwl df ivafh 18 julfeI 1938 nUM afpxI mfsI dy lVky zf[ivktr eIgfn nfl huMdf hY. ieh ivafh kfPI ivroD dy bfvjUd isry cVHdf hY aqy aMimRqf dI ijLwd puwgdI hY. Auh Kud svIkfrdI hY ik ies qoN cMgI cox koeI hor nhIN sI hoxI. iek vfr eygfn Aus qoN puwCdf hY – “qUM keI qrHF dy lokF nUM imldI eyN, AuhnF nUM aMdro-bfhroN jfxdI eyN, qF vI qUM myry nfl hI ivafh ikAuN krnf cfhuMdI eyN.”
ies dy jvfb ivc aMimRqf Kq ivc ilKdI hY – “mYN qyry ielfvf hor iksy nfl rihx dI klpnf vI nhIN kr skdI. ikAuNik asIN iek dUjy nfl kuJ aijhy ‘iPt’ ho gey hF ijhdy bfry soc ky mYnUM Kud hYrfnI huMdI hY.”
eygfn ivafh ipCoN aMimRqf nfl rihx leI isLmly af jFdf hY aqy zfktrI dI pRYkits sLurU krdf hY, pr ieh ijLafdf cldI nhIN. hfr ky Auh srfieaf jfx df PYslf krdy hn. AuQy aMimRqf dy cfcf sr suMdr isMG mjITIaf df KMz bxfAux df kfrKfnf sI. zf[eIgfn nUM ieQy iek mYzIkl aiDkfrI vjoN rwK ilaf jFdf hY. AuhdI pRYkits vI qur pYNdI hY. zf[eIgfn ny aMimRqf dy aMiqm sfh qk Aus dI jIvn-ivDI, dUijaF nfl srIrk sMbMDF, myl-jol bfry, kdy ikMqU nf kIqf. kdy puwiCaf qwk vI nhIN.
eyQy rihMidaf hoieaF aMimRqf ny keI icqr pyNt kIqy ijvyN pRfcIn kQf vfck (1940), pING (1940), dulhn, AUT afid. ienHF ikrqF ivc Auh josL aqy rMgF dI vrqoN vyKx nUM nhIN imldf jo pihlF mOjUd sI.
ienHF icqrF ivcoN ‘pRfcIn kQf vfck’ pyNitMg bfry gwl kIqI jf skdI hY. mUl idRsL Gr dI cfr dIvfrI dy aMdr df hY. iemfrq dy iek kony ‘c isKr guMbd bixaf hoieaf hY ijhVf Gr dy amIr hox dI Kbr dyNdf hY. Kwby pfsy qoN qur ky swjy pfsy vl Kqm huMdI sPLYd AuWcI cfr dIvfrI dy ivcfly bxy drvfjLy ies ‘mnftnI’ nUM BMg krdy hn. Qwly bYTf iek iswK bjLurg iqMn bwicaF nUM khfxI suxfAux ivc mgn hY. sroqf bxy bYTy bwcy iDafn nfl khI gwl sux rhy hn. bjLurg nUM ipwT krI bYTI iek aOrq lwsI irVk rhI hY. kMD qoN pfr bfhrvl rwuKF df Jurmut hY. iek dr dy kol do aOrqF gwlF krdIaF jfpdIaf hn. sfrf kuJ ghry BUry rMg `c ilpitaf lwgdf hY ijs ivcoN sPLYd, lfl, hrf AuBr ky icqr nUM dyKx Xog krdf hY. iksy vI ikrdfr dy nYx-nksL sfP inqry hoey nhIN. sB kuJ sMkyqk hY.
srfieaf sLUgr iml `c vwzI igxqI ivc kfmy kMm krdy sn. iehnF ivcoN koeI vI aMimRqf dI pyNitMg ivc dfKl nhIN huMdf. AuQy do qrHF dIaF jIvn ivDIaF sn. iek kfrKfny dI cfrdIvfrI dy aMdr sI aqy dUjI Aus dy bfhr. ieh ikhf jFdf hY ik klfkfr aMimRqf nUM grIb lokF nfl koeI hmdrdI nhIN sI. idn nUM Auh ‘BYVf vI suMdr ho skdf hY’ nUM pyNt krdI aqy sLfm nUM sj-sMvr ky pfrtIaF dI iKwc df ibMdU bx jFdI.
ies dy bfvjUd Aus dy kMm dy pfqrF ivcoN AudfsI, BY imisLRq BivwK, afqm icMqn, aMqr muKI hox dI Jlk imldI hY. sB qoN mhwqvpUrn ikrq ‘iqMn kuVIaF’ hY. awgV-ipCV bYTIaF ieh kuVIaf afpo afpxy kfrnF krky Audfs hn. AuhnF dIaf njLrF JukIaF hoeIaF hn. lwgdf hY ijvyN Auh bfhr vl nhIN blik aMdr vl nUM Jfk rhIaF hn. ieh vI kih skdy hF ik ijsm pwKoN BfvyN Auh iBMn iekfeIaF hn, pr AuhnF dI AudfsI df kfrn iek hY. aMimRqf dy hor kMm ivc vI iesy qQ nUM QF imlI ijwQy ikqy vI ichiraF nUM bfrIkI nfl bxfieaf igaf hY. ieh Aus dy kMm dI pCfx aqy pihl kdmI khI jf skdI hY ik Auh iswDf ivsLy ‘qy Kud nUM ‘Poks’ krdI hY. PflqU df dKl byrihmI nfl CFg idwqf jFdf hY qF ik dyKx vfly dI idRsLtI Btky nf. ieQy iqMn kuVIaF dI ijs qrHF akfsI kIqI geI hY AuQy iksy hor vyrvy leI QF nhIN bcdI.
Aus ny kudrq dy njLfiraF nUM vI pyNt kIqf hY. ieh QfvF hMgrI aqy isLmly nfl juVIaF hn. Aus dI iek pyNitMg ‘sno skyp’ (1939, hMgrI) hY ijwQy sB kuJ brPL nfl kwijaf hoieaf hY. dUr GrF dIaF ZflvIaF CwqF vI iehdf awpvfd nhIN. awpvfd hY qF isWDy KVy inpwqry ruwK jF ibjlI dIaF qfrF vfly KMby. iek ruwK dI tihx `qy bYTf kF, lwgdf hY, ies AudfsI/sMnfty nUM vMgfr irhf hY.
aMimRqf sLyrigwl Aupr pRiswD icqrkfr gogF dy asr dI gwl keI vfr dohrf idwqI jFdI hY. ieh pRBfv ivcfr aqy rUp pwKoN sI. pYirs ivc rihMidaF hoieaF aMimRqf pRBfvvfd dy bfad dy pRiswD icqrkfr pol gogF nUM imlI. gogF df jIvn rhwspUrn ikhf jf skdf hY. cflHI sfl dI Aumr qwk Auh iek sPLl stOk brokr aqy sMqoKpUrn prvfrk jIvn jIa irhf sI. pr iek idn sB kuJ df iqafg krky pUrI qrHF pyNitMg nUM smripq ho igaf. Auh vYWst ieMzIjL dy qfihqI dIp dy afidvfsIaF nfl jf rihx lwgf. Auh lok AuhdI klf df afDfr bxy. AuQoN dIaF suMdrIaF dI ngnqf, mFslqf nUM icqr ky Aus ny klf-jgq ivc KlblI pYdf kr idwqI aqy pRqIkvfd df prvrqk bx igaf.
ijvyN gogF sB kuJ Cwz ky qfihqI jf vwisaf sI, aMimRqf sLyrigwl vI pwCmI klf jgq df iqafg kr ky Bfrq af geI. gogF qF vYwst ieMzIjL dy lokF nfl ‘pfxI ivc pfxI vFg’ iml igaf. AuQy hI iek afidvfsI kuVI nfl ivafh kr ilaf, kusLt rog df isLkfr ho igaf, hwd dI grIbI aqy bImfrI nUM Jldf Kqm ho igaf, pr Aus ny klf sfDnf df iqafg nf kIqf. aMimRqf ny Bfrq rih ky kMm krn df inrxf qF lY ilaf, pr rhI Auh pUrI sLfn aqy sj-Dj nfl. Auh afpxy ‘sbjYkts’ nfl kdy vI iekimk nhIN hoeI. dohF ivcfly iek ivwQ sdf kfiem rhI.
aMimRqf ny isLmly dy grIb lokF dI grIbI, qMgI, AudfsI nUM gihrfeI nfl pkiVaf. bfad ivc ieh gihrfeI Gt jFdI hY. kuJ dI rfey ieh bxI ik aMimRqf BfrqI lokF ivcoN isrPL grIbI vyKdI hY ijvyN pwCmI lok dyKdy hn. aimq kumfr hlDr qF aksr ieh kihMdf sI ik ijs qrHF aMgryjL BfrqIaf nUM ‘afieaf aqy mfsLkIaF’ dy rUp ivc hI vyK sky hn, aMimRqf vI afpxy XUropI sMskfrF krky phfVI lokF dIaF QuVHF nUM hI vyK skI hY.
GoKvIN njLr nfl vyKx AuprMq pqf lwgdf hY ik aMimRqf df afdrsL BfvyN gogF hY, pr Auh gogF ijhf jIAu nf skI aqy nf hI Aus ijhf kMm hI kr skI.
ies dy bfvjUd Auh afpxy smkflIaF aqy bfad dI pIVHI dy klfkfrF leI iek afdrsL bx geI. bfad ivc afAux vfly keI klfkfrF ny Aus ijhf kMm kIqf. keIaF ny Aus dy kMm dIaF iek do ivsLysLqfvF nUM cux afpxf sfrf jIvn gujLfr idqf. bI[ pRBf dy kMm AuWpr ieh gwl pUrI qrHF lfgU huMdI hY.
aMimRqf dy kMm dI iek hor ivsLysLqf rhI hY. Aus ny afpxIaF pyNitMgF leI mfzlF df afsrf ilaf hY. mfzl nUM sfhmxy ibTf ky/sjf ky Aus dI Cwb AuqfrxI koeI BYVI gwl nhIN. pwCm ivc ies dI rIq qF sdIaF purfxI hY. aMimRqf bcpn ivc sfhmxy peIaF vsqF nUM pYNisl/jl-rMgF ivc bxFdI rhI sI. ivDIvq klf iswiKaf ivc sfhmxy vfly mfzlF nUM vyK ky AuhnF nUM kYnvs Auqy hUbhU Auqfrnf iek jLrUrI ivsLf huMdf hY.
aMimRqf sLyrigwl dy keI aijhy PotogRfPL vyKx nUM imly hn ijwQy iek pfsy lok mfzl rUp ivc bYTy hoey hn jF iksy kfrj ivc ruJy hoey hn aqy dUjy pfsy aMimRqf sfhmxy eIjLl ‘qy pey kYnvs AuWpr afpxy ‘ivsLy’ nUM pyNt kr rhI hY. mfrkIt nUM jFdy hoey pyNzU, iqMn kuVIaF, sMgIqkfr, hMgrI dI mfrkIt, hfQI dI svfrI aqy hor keI PotogRfPF dy nF, ies sMdrB ivc igxfey jf skdy hn.
Aus df smuwcf kMm iek sLYlI ivc bixaf hoieaf nhIN. lwgdf hY inwky ijhy klf-sPLr dOrfn Auh afpxI sLYlI hI qlfsLdI rhI. iksy vI klf dy igafqf leI aijhI insLfndyhI krnI asMBv nhIN.
aMimRqf ny keI afqm-icqr bxfey hn. ieh ngn, arD ngn hn. Auh Kud eynI suhxI sunwKI sI ik afpxy nUM sLIsLy ivwc vyKdI hoeI pyNitMg iqafr kr lYNdI sI. klf dy jfxkfrF ny iehdy iBMn iBMn arQ ikafsy hn. Auh afpxy KqF ivc afpxy bfhrly ivhfr aqy aMdrlI pIV/AudfsI df ijLkr krdI hY. Auh dohF ivcfly sMquln kfiem rwKxf cfhuMdI hY. jd eydF nhIN huMdf Auh iKwJdI hY. iKwJ qoN bcx vfsqy Auh pyNitMg df afsrf lYNdI hY.
1939 ivc bxfieaf iek afqm-icqr Aus dy afpxy rcnf jgq ivc ivsLysL QF rwKdf hY. hlkf ijhf awgy Juikaf ijsm aqy muskrFdf ichrf sfhmixEN icqiraf igaf hY. Aus dy bfkI dy kMm ivc KusLI KyVy dI sdf qot rhI hY. ieh klf-ikrq Auhdy sfry kMm ‘qy hoieaf iek puwTf hsqfKr pRqIq huMdf hY. KulHy vfl, hlky jyvrF nfl sjy ipMzy nUM hlkI gUVHI nIlI ipwTBUmI pUry ijsm nUM AuCfl dyNdI hY. rMgF dI AuWgV-duwgV vrqoN Auhdy suBfa (qyjL, iqwKfpx, asfvFpx) dy anukUl hY. ieh icqr vI Auhny sLIsLy sfhmxy bYT ky bxfieaf hY.
jy aMimRqf sLyrigwl ny klf, sLYlI, jIvn `c hlcl pYdf kIqI sI qF 5 dsMbr 1941 nUM hoeI Aus dI acfnk mOq ny sBnF nUM hYrfn kr idwwqf. ieh hfdsf iblkul acfnk vfpiraf sI. Auh afpxI mOq qoN kuJ mhIny pihlF hI lfhOr, zf[eygfn nfl, rihx leI phuMcI sI. lfhOr sLihr Aus vyly klf, igafn qy isafsq dI hlcl nfl BrpUr sI. lfhOr AudoN kuJ aijhy nOjvfnF nfl dihk irhf sI jo aMgryjL srkfr nUM sbk isKfxf cfhuMdy sn.
aMimRqf dy pRsMskF ivc mhfqmf gFDI, jvfhr lfl nihrU qoN lY ky jn-sfDfrx qwk sLfml sn. afpxy sMprk ivc afAux vfilaF nUM Auh afsfnI nfl moh lYNdI sI.
Aus dy mF-ipAu ny vI afpo-afpxy aMdfjL ivc afpxf duwK pRgt kIqf. AumrfE isMG ny afpxI bytI dI mOq nUM afqmf dI amrqf nfl myl ky dyKx df Xqn kIqf. drsLn pRqI Aus dy Jukfa dI Jlk Aus dy ies kQn ‘c imldI hY – “iek pRsLn rih rih ky myry idmfg `qy dsqk dyNdf hY: kI aMimRqf eIjLl AuWpr, ijwQy Auh pyNt krdI, hux iblkul nhIN afvygI? jd mYN AuhdI koeI klf-ikrq itkfa ky dyKdf hF qF lwgdf hY ijvyN koeI mYnUM aMdroN incoV irhf hY… mYnUM ipCly kuJ idnF qoN aMimRqf dy suPny af rhy hn. mYN socdf hF lokI XfdgfrF surwiKaq ikAuN rwKxIaF cfhuMdy hn jd ik ies nfl AunHf nUM qklIP hI huMdI hY?”